Gastrointestinal Bleeding, Upper
Gastrointestinal Bleeding, Upper Sara Karjoo Chris A. Liacouras INTRODUCTION The presence of hematemesis usually suggests that the site of bleeding is proximal to the ligament of Treitz. Common sites of…
Gastrointestinal Bleeding, Lower
Gastrointestinal Bleeding, Lower Sara Karjoo Chris A. Liacouras INTRODUCTION The presence of blood in the gastrointestinal tract is always abnormal. Blood in the stool can occur in several forms: hematochezia…
Electrolyte Disturbances
Electrolyte Disturbances Christopher J. LaRosa DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS LIST* Sodium imbalance Potassium imbalance Calcium imbalance Magnesium imbalance Phosphate imbalance Metabolic acidosis Metabolic alkalosis *Normal pediatric laboratory parameters vary according to age…
Ear, Painful
Ear, Painful Christine S. Cho INTRODUCTION Diseases that produce ear pain are common maladies of childhood. Many cases of otalgia are caused by acute otitis media. Otitis externa is also…
Diarrhea, Chronic
Diarrhea, Chronic Andrew Grossman INTRODUCTION Stool output of 10 g/kg per day (in infants) or 200 g/kg per day (in children) is defined as diarrhea. Chronic diarrhea is the persistence…
Diarrhea, Acute
Diarrhea, Acute Catherine C. Wiley INTRODUCTION Acute diarrhea is defined as stools with increased water content and frequency for a period of <5 to 7 days. Most cases of acute…