Syndromes Glossary Glossary 4p-syndrome —characterized by a round face, prominent nasal tip, polydactyly, and scoliosis. 5p-syndrome —characterized by macrocephaly; small mandible; long, thin fingers; short, big toes; and anorectal and…
Cardiology Laboratory Timothy M. Hoffman BLOOD PRESSURE MEASUREMENT Accurate measurement of the blood pressure depends on selection of an appropriate cuff size of a sphygmomanometer. By convention, an appropriate cuff…
Surgical Glossary Glossary Aortopexy —procedure in which the aorta is approximated to the anterior thoracic wall; for the treatment of tracheomalacia. Bishop-Koop procedure —resection of a dilated loop of bowel…
Toxicology James F. Wiley II Diane P. Calello GASTRIC DECONTAMINATION Administration of activated charcoal is the preferred method of gastric decontamination. Whole bowel irrigation and gastric lavage play a much…
Vertigo (Dizziness) Lawrence W. Brown INTRODUCTION Dizziness is caused by a distortion in spatial orientation. The primary sensory modalities of vision, vestibular function, joint position sense, touch-pressure sense, and hearing…
Vaginal Discharge (Vulvovaginitis) Sara Pentlicky Courtney Schreiber INTRODUCTION Vulvovaginitis, a common problem for both pediatric and adolescent patients, is an entity consisting of vaginal and vulvar irritation associated with vaginal…
Vaginal Bleeding Sara Pentlicky Courtney Schreiber INTRODUCTION The complaint of vaginal bleeding can be concerning to parents, patients and clinicians. The differential diagnosis can be narrowed based on the patient’s…
Urine Output, Decreased Katherine MacRae Dell INTRODUCTION Decreased urine output can be caused by either a decrease in urine production (oliguria) or an obstruction to urinary flow. Oliguria is defined…
Urinary Frequency and Polyuria Matthew Sampson INTRODUCTION A perceived increase in urination is a common concern that a pediatrician may be asked to evaluate. A key task is to differentiate…
