Obgyn Key

Vaginal Breech Delivery Michael A. Belfort Hennie Lombaard Michael Lucas GENERAL PRINCIPLES The planned vaginal delivery of a term baby in a breech presentation is associated with an increased risk…

Diagnostic and Operative Laparoscopy Stephanie Delgado Tamisa Koythong Xiaoming Guan GENERAL PRINCIPLES Definition Minimally invasive surgery began in obstetrics and gynecology with laparoscopy and has now become ubiquitous, led by…

Uterine Defect Repair in an Ongoing Pregnancy Eyal Krispin Michael A. Belfort Alireza A. Shamshirsaz GENERAL PRINCIPLES Definition Uterine rupture is defined as complete disruption of the uterine wall and…

Delivery of Multiple Gestations Catherine Finnegan Fergal Malone GENERAL PRINCIPLES Nonoperative Management Vaginal Delivery of Multiple Gestations Prerequisites for Vaginal Delivery Planned vaginal birth and planned cesarean delivery are both…

Episiotomy and Episiotomy Repair Michael A. Belfort GENERAL PRINCIPLES Definition Perineal injury is common during vaginal delivery (up to 75% of parturients) (1). It may be iatrogenic (episiotomy), accidental (spontaneous…

Surgical Principles of Fetal Interventions Ahmed A. Nassr Michael A. Belfort Alireza A. Shamshirsaz GENERAL PRINCIPLES In the United States, structural congenital anomalies are detected in up to 3% of…

Surgical Management of Adnexal Masses in Pregnancy Eva Hoffmann Maria Andrikopoulou Andrea Tinelli Farr Nezhat GENERAL PRINCIPLES Definition Adnexal masses include cystic (Figure 3.5.1) or solid (Figure 3.5.2) pathology of…

Cerclage Rupsa C. Boelig Amanda Roman Vincenzo Berghella GENERAL PRINCIPLES Definition Cervical insufficiency has been variably defined (1). Here we break down the indication for cerclage placement based on the…

Obstetric Anesthesiology Shreya Patel Caitlin Sutton GENERAL PRINCIPLES Maternal mortality is rising in the United States. Anesthesia-related mortality accounted for 0.2% of pregnancy-related deaths from 2011. Maternal mortality from anesthesia…

Trauma in Pregnancy Jason Vaught GENERAL PRINCIPLES Definition Traumatic injury refers to physical injuries of varying severity; all trauma should be immediately addressed because severity can increase if not addressed….