Normal Vaginal Deliveries
Normal Vaginal Deliveries Liza G. Smith OVERVIEW Most women in labor present directly or are triaged to an obstetric unit so births occurring in the prehospital or emergency department (ED)…
Placental Abnormalities
Placental Abnormalities James Wong III Megan C. Henn Michelle D. Lall OVERVIEW The placenta is the lifeline of the growing fetus. Maternal blood enters the placenta through approximately 120 spiral…
Prelabor Rupture of Membranes
Prelabor Rupture of Membranes Motunrayo Mobolaji-Lawal Karen J. Jubanyik OVERVIEW Background Prelabor rupture of membranes (PROM) is the spontaneous rupture of fetal membranes before the onset of labor at any…
Preterm Labor
Preterm Labor Luce A. Kassi Samantha P. DeAndrade Audra R. Meadows OVERVIEW Preterm labor is a common cause of hospitalization in pregnancy and may lead to preterm birth. Preterm birth…
Peripartum Cardiomyopathy
Peripartum Cardiomyopathy Alisa Anderson Eric J. Lee Rebecca Barron OVERVIEW Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) can be an elusive diagnosis with a clinical presentation that is similar to signs and symptoms of…
Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy
Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy Ramu Kharel Megan C. Henn Michelle D. Lall OVERVIEW The primary causes of maternal mortality around the world are hemorrhage, hypertension, and infection.1 In the United…
Preparation for Precipitous Delivery
Preparation for Precipitous Delivery Alison Schroth Hayward Tess Wiskel OVERVIEW Emergency medicine providers must be prepared to manage obstetric deliveries at all times. Patients may present to any medical facility…
Gestational Trophoblastic Disease
Gestational Trophoblastic Disease Timothy DeKoninck Britta Hakkila Stacey L. Poznanski OVERVIEW Background The term “gestational trophoblastic disease” (GTD) describes a spectrum of disorders that originate from placental trophoblastic tissue following…
Ultrasound in Obstetric Emergencies
Ultrasound in Obstetric Emergencies Carla Sterling Zachary Testo Gavin Budhram OVERVIEW Ultrasound was first used to portray a fetus in utero in 1953 and subsequently became the preferred imaging modality…
Ectopic Pregnancy
Ectopic Pregnancy Pavitra Kotini-Shah Komal Paladugu OVERVIEW Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is a high-risk pregnancy in which the fertilized ovum implants outside of the endometrium of the uterus. It affects approximately…
