HIV in Pregnancy
HIV in Pregnancy Sangini Sheth Jenell Coleman The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) first reported unusual opportunistic infections in previously healthy gay men in 1981. By 1982, the…
Alloimmunization
Alloimmunization Berendena I. M. Vander Tuig Karin J. Blakemore Alloimmunization in pregnancy refers to maternal antibody formation against fetal red blood cell (RBC) or platelet antigens. Antibody-coated erythrocytes or platelets…
Surgical Disease and Trauma in Pregnancy
Surgical Disease and Trauma in Pregnancy Emily S. Wu Nancy A. Hueppchen GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS One in 500 pregnant women will require nonobstetric surgery. The goals for diagnosis and management of…
Hematologic Disorders of Pregnancy
Hematologic Disorders of Pregnancy Nina Resetkova Linda M. Szymanski ANEMIA The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s definition of anemia in pregnancy is hemoglobin (Hgb) or hematocrit (Hct) value less…
Autoimmune Disease in Pregnancy
Autoimmune Disease in Pregnancy Katherine Latimer Donna Neale Autoimmune disease is characterized by the production of antibodies against selfantigens. One of many medical mysteries is how the fetus, that is…
Gastrointestinal Disease in Pregnancy
Gastrointestinal Disease in Pregnancy Christopher C. DeStephano Abimbola Aina-Mumuney GASTROINTESTINAL PHYSIOLOGY AND ANATOMY IN PREGNANCY During pregnancy, anatomic and physiologic changes undergone by the gastrointestinal tract can influence the diagnosis…
Genitourinary Assessment and Renal Disease in Pregnancy
Genitourinary Assessment and Renal Disease in Pregnancy Katherine Ikard Stewart Robert M. Ehsanipoor KIDNEY AND URINARY TRACT DISORDERS Renal Physiology in Pregnancy The renal system undergoes many physiologic changes during…
Cardiopulmonary Disorders of Pregnancy
Cardiopulmonary Disorders of Pregnancy Stephen Martin Ernest M. Graham CARDIAC DISORDERS Cardiac diseases complicate 1% to 4% of pregnancies in women without preexisting cardiac abnormalities. Pregnancy is associated with major…
Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy
Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy Veena Choubey Frank R. Witter DEFINITIONS OF HYPERTENSIVE DISORDERS Hypertensive disorders affect 5% to 10% of all pregnancies. Hypertension is defined as systolic blood pressure (BP)…
Endocrine Disorders of Pregnancy
Endocrine Disorders of Pregnancy Clark T. Johnson Lorraine A. Milio DIABETES MELLITUS Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common medical complication of pregnancy in the United States, affecting nearly 7%…
