Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease
Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease Adam Michael Kravietz Jessica L. Buicko Although the Romans observed “goitres” among the peoples of the Alpine regions during their conquests, the term “thyroid,” Latin for…
Thyroglossal Duct Cysts and Branchial Cleft Cysts
Thyroglossal Duct Cysts and Branchial Cleft Cysts Jessica L. Buicko Adam Michael Kravietz Head and neck masses are common in children. Location of the mass is key to diagnosis. Also…
Torticollis
Torticollis Olga Zhadan “Torticollis” is the term for twisted or rotated neck, derived from Latin, “tortus”—“twisted” and “collum”—“neck.” PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Torticollis can be congenital or acquired. Congenital—postural deformity of the neck,…
Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Michael A. Lopez Congenital diaphragmatic hernias (CDHs) occur in approximately 1 in every 2000 to 5000 live births.1 There are many forms of CDHs, named for the…
Pulmonary Sequestration
Pulmonary Sequestration David Rubay Pulmonary sequestration is a mass of nonfunctioning lung tissue with no communication with the tracheobronchial tree (Figure 35.1). This sequestered mass of lung tissue receives its…
Congenital Chest Wall Disorders
Congenital Chest Wall Disorders Marcus E. Eby Chest wall deformities can be divided into 2 main categories: Congenital versus acquired Pediatric congenital chest wall deformities present anytime between birth and…
Foreign Body Ingestion
Foreign Body Ingestion Nadine Najjar Young children are instinctively curious about their environment, and their exploration can result in ingestion of a variety of foreign bodies. Anything can be ingested—commonly…
Tracheoesophageal Fistula
Tracheoesophageal Fistula Michael A. Lopez Esophageal atresia (EA) and tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) are congenital malformations that occur approximately in 1:3500 live-born infants.1 It is defined as an interruption in the…
Anorectal Malformations
Anorectal Malformations Paige E. Finkelstein One does not have to be a doctor to make the diagnosis of anorectal malformation (ARM), and thus it has been known throughout history for…
Hirschsprung Disease
Hirschsprung Disease Sana Ahmad Qureshi Although there were sporadic case reports of pediatric colonic obstruction since 1691, Dr Harald Hirschsprung, a pediatrician from Copenhagen, first published observation of the pathologic…
