Abstract Transvaginal ultrasound scan (TVS) is the recommended method for assessing pregnancies in the first trimester. Transabdominal scanning can be performed if women are reluctant to have a TVS, but…
Abstract Pelvic ultrasound remains the single most effective method for detection and characterization of adnexal masses . While transvaginal ultrasound provides optimal visualization, it has limited field of view; larger…
Abstract Doppler ultrasound imaging can be used to identify and assess blood vessels by producing a colour-coded map of Doppler shifts superimposed on a B-mode ultrasound image. The effect, first…
Abstract Assisted reproductive treatment (ART) has become the only hope for biologically own children for numerous infertile couples. It is estimated that 1.7–4.0 per cent of children born in developed…
Abstract While the uterus, cervix and ovaries can be well assessed by transvaginal ultrasound, normal fallopian tubes are not visible on ultrasound. Therefore, evaluation of the fallopian tubes needs special…
Abstract Long-acting reversible contraceptives like intrauterine devices (IUDs) and systems (IUSs) and subdermal implants (SDIs) are widely used contraceptive devices in the world today. Intrauterine devices and systems together are…
Abstract Assisted reproductive techniques (ARTs) are the only hope for biologically own progeny for couples that fail to conceive naturally. In the developed world, up to 4.0 per cent of…
Abstract Ultrasound has been used as a guide during gynaecological operative procedures, in addition to the role in diagnostic testing. In the field of gynaecology, some of the interventions, especially…
Abstract Uterine fibroids (or leiomyomas) are the most common benign gynaecological tumours, formed by smooth muscle and connective tissue. Most are asymptomatic, but sometimes may cause pain, pressure symptoms, metrorrhagia,…
Abstract Endometriosis is a common gynaecological problem, affecting approximately 5 per cent of women . The diagnosis can take many years and the condition can cause debilitating pain and infertility….
