Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney
KEY POINTS Print Section Listen Key Points Multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK) is a severe renal abnormality associated with atretic ureter and absence of normal renal parenchyma, which is replaced by…
Hydronephrosis: Minimal
KEY POINTS Print Section Listen Key Points Minimal fetal hydronephrosis is defined as anterior posterior renal pelvic diameter >4mm and <9 mm. Minimal fetal hydronephrosis is associated with a slightly…
Jejunoileal Atresia and Stenosis
KEY POINTS Print Section Listen Key Points Most common cause of intestinal obstruction. Proximal jejunum and distal ileum are the most common locations. Vascular disruption is the etiology but this…
Imperforate Anus
KEY POINTS Print Section Listen Key Points Incidence is 1 in 5,000 livebirths. Has been linked to maternal diabetes, thalidomide, ethanol, and assisted reproductive technology. Imperforate anus is difficult to…
Duodenal Atresia and Stenosis
KEY POINTS Print Section Listen Key Points Often presents due to uterine size greater than the size of dates as a result of polyhydramnios. Characteristically diagnosed by ultrasound examination, which…
Echogenic Kidneys
KEY POINTS Print Section Listen Key Points Echogenic kidneys can be a normal variant but are also seen in association with renal dysplasia, chromosomal abnormality, adult and fetal polycystic disease,…
Ovarian Cysts
KEY POINTS Print Section Listen Key Points The cause of fetal ovarian cysts is unclear but is most likely due to stimulation of the fetal ovaries by fetal gonadotropins, maternal…
Hirschsprung’s Disease
KEY POINTS Print Section Listen Key Points One of the most common causes of intestinal obstruction in the newborn. Characterized by severe constipation due to functional colonic obstruction with megacolon….
Colonic Atresia
KEY POINTS Print Section Listen Key Points Accounts for up to 15% of intestinal atresias. Incidence is about 1 in 20,000 livebirths. On prenatal sonogram appears as multiple dilated loops….
Intra-abdominal Calcifications
KEY POINTS Print Section Listen Key Points Causes of intra-abdominal calcification include meconium peritonitis, enterolithiasis, cholelithiasis, and fetus in fetu. Meconium peritonitis is the most common cause of intra-abdominal calcifications….
