Amniotic Band Syndrome
KEY POINTS Print Section Listen Key Points Amniotic band syndrome is a group of congenital anomalies involving limbs, craniofacial region, or trunk. Amniotic band syndrome can range from constrictive bands…
Nonimmune Hydrops Fetalis
KEY POINTS Print Section Listen Key Points Nonimmune hydrops fetalis is a serious fetal condition in which abnormal fluid accumulates in at least two different fetal compartments, and in which…
Monoamniotic Twins
KEY POINTS Print Section Listen Key Points Monoamniotic twinning is a rare form of twinning where both twins occupy a single amniotic sac. This form of twinning occurs when a…
Sacrococcygeal Teratoma
KEY POINTS Print Section Listen Key Points Sacrococcygeal teratomas (SCTs) arise from a totipotent stem cell in Henson’s node. Most SCTs are large, complex, solid, and cystic masses but may…
Polyhydramnios
KEY POINTS Print Section Listen Key Points Polyhydramnios is an increase in the volume of amniotic fluid, the diagnosis of which is usually made using ultrasound. Causes of polyhydramnios include…
Cervical Teratoma
KEY POINTS Print Section Listen Key Points Cervical teratomas are often large, solid, and cystic lesions with calcifications. Polyhydramnios occurs from esophageal compression, predisposing to preterm delivery. Vascular malformations, including…
Polydactyly
KEY POINTS Print Section Listen Key Points Defined as the presence of a hand or foot with more than 5 digits. May be “radial/tibial” (formerly preaxial), “ulnar/fibular” (formerly postaxial), or…
Achondrogenesis
KEY POINTS Print Section Listen Key Points Second most common lethal short-limb dysplasia. Incidence is 1/40,000 to 1/50,000 livebirths. Characterized by severe micromelia, lack of vertebral ossification, and a large…
Single Umbilical Artery
KEY POINTS Print Section Listen Key Points Single umbilical artery (SUA) is one of the most common malformations found in humans. Color Doppler techniques have improved the ability to visualize…
Diastrophic Dysplasia
KEY POINTS Print Section Listen Key Points Distinct skeletal dysplasia characterized by disproportionate short stature, clubfoot, cleft palate, “hitch-hiker’s thumb,” and “cauliflower ear.” Results from mutation in the diastrophic dysplasia…
