Atrial Septal Defects
KEY POINTS Print Section Listen Key Points Atrial septal defects are relatively common congential cardiac malformations, but are difficult to diagnose prenatally due to problems differentiating the normal patent foramen…
Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation
KEY POINTS Print Section Listen Key Points CCAM is cystic malformation of pulmonary tissue and, unlike BPS, typically has a pulmonary blood supply. CCAM has been subdivided into five types,…
Pulmonary Agenesis
KEY POINTS Print Section Listen Key Points Pulmonary agenesis is defined as complete absence or severe hypoplasia of one or both lungs. Pulmonary agenesis may be found in isolation or…
Hydrothorax
KEY POINTS Print Section Listen Key Points May be primary, due to chylous leak, or secondary, in which effusions are part of generalized fluid retention. Secondary hydrothorax is more common…
Bronchopulmonary Sequestration
KEY POINTS Print Section Listen Key Points Bronchopulmonary sequestration (BPS) is a mass of nonfunctioning lung tissue that does not communicate with the bronchial tree. Prenatal diagnosis is possible by…
Cystic Hygroma in Late Pregnancy
KEY POINTS Print Section Listen Key Points Cystic hygroma and lymphangioma are older commonly used terms for a specific type of vascular malformation. Most often seen in the soft tissue…
Other Cystic Lesions of the Chest
KEY POINTS Print Section Listen Key Points Differential diagnosis includes bronchogenic cyst, pericardial cyst, thymic cyst, esophageal duplication, and neurenteric cysts. Sonographic features may be used to differentiate between various…
Congenital High Airway Obstruction Syndrome
KEY POINTS Print Section Listen Key Points Congenital high airway obstruction syndrome (CHAOS) is characterized by bilaterally enlarged lungs, flat or inverted diaphragms, dilated tracheobronchial tree, and massive ascites due…
Cystic Hygroma in Early Pregnancy
KEY POINTS Print Section Listen Key Points Septated cystic hygroma in the first trimester is defined by extensive nuchal thickening extending along the entire length of the fetal back and…
