Nephrotic Syndrome
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen Nephrotic syndrome is one of the most common renal diseases in childhood. In recent estimates, idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, the most common type, occurs in about 16…
Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn and Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen Respiratory distress occurs frequently in newborns and can be a presenting symptom of both benign and life-threatening diseases. Failure of any of a complex series of…
Renal Venous Thrombosis
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen Renal venous thrombosis (RVT) is a condition in which a thrombus forms in the venous drainage system of one or both kidneys. The thrombus can extend…
Interstitial Nephritis
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen Interstitial nephritis was first described histologically in 1898 in the kidneys of patients who died from diphtheria and scarlet fever.1 Interstitial nephritis is characterized by histologic…
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) was first described in 1955. It is one of the most frequent causes of acute renal failure in children and is defined…
Glomerulonephritis
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen Glomerulonephritis (GN) is not a specific disease, but rather an inflammatory state within the renal glomerulus. This inflammation causes glomerular injury and results in impaired glomerular…
Chronic Renal Failure
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen Chronic renal failure (CRF) is an irreversible reduction in renal function, or glomerular filtration rate (GFR), with accompanying derangements in biochemical homeostasis. The term chronic kidney…
Acute Renal Failure
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen Acute renal failure (ARF) is the sudden decline in renal function resulting in increase in metabolic waste products in the blood and dysregulation of extracellular electrolytes…
