Choking and Foreign Body Aspiration
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Choking is defined as the interruption of respiration due to the internal obstruction of the airway. Aspiration is defined as the penetration of foreign material into…
Appendicitis
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen About 7% of all people will develop appendicitis over the course of their lifetime.1 Each year in the United States, about 60,000 to 80,000 children develop…
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and Chronic Lung Disease of Infancy
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is an iatrogenic, chronic lung disorder of infancy that results in persistent respiratory symptoms, medical fragility, and in most cases, the long-term need…
Infection-Associated Arthritis
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen Many bacteria and viruses can cause arthritis without directly invading the joint space. The diseases that result are highly varied and are the focus of this…
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen Arthritis is inflammation of synovial tissue within a diarthrodial joint*. Infection-related arthritides are discussed in Chapter 152, but idiopathic arthritides constitute another group. Because the pathogenesis…
Henoch-Schönlein Purpura
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) is also known as anaphylactoid purpura or purpura rheumatica. It is a leukocytoclastic vasculitis affecting small blood vessels in virtually any organ system,…
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis and Macrophage Activation Syndrome
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) and macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) are clinically related life-threatening immune dysregulatory processes characterized by fever, systemic inflammation, organomegaly, coagulopathy, and hematologic cytopenias. Both…
Kawasaki Disease
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen Kawasaki disease (KD), a vasculitis affecting small- and medium- sized blood vessels, is the second most common childhood vasculitis, and the most common cause of pediatric…
New-Onset Psychosis
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen Psychosis is a cluster of symptoms used to define specific psychiatric disorders. Psychotic symptoms include hallucinations, delusions, or disorganization of thoughts and behavior. Children, adolescents, and…
