Blood Gas and Pulmonary Function Monitoring Lawrence M. Rhein KEY POINTS Assessment of oxygenation and ventilation is critical to assess respiratory function. Pulse oximetry is the primary tool for noninvasive…
Mechanical Ventilation Eric C. Eichenwald KEY POINTS Use of noninvasive respiratory support often avoids the need for mechanical ventilation in preterm infants with respiratory distress. Volume-targeted, patient-triggered ventilators reduce the…
Neonatal Kidney Conditions Joshua A. Samuels Haendel Muñoz Rita D. Swinford KEY POINTS Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) at birth is lower in the most premature infants and rises after birth…
Necrotizing Enterocolitis Jörn-Hendrik Weitkamp Muralidhar H. Premkumar Camilia R. Martin KEY POINTS Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains the most common and most devastating surgical emergency in the neonatal intensive care unit…
Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia Ann R. Stark Vinod K. Bhutani KEY POINTS Visual inspection is not a reliable measure of bilirubin level. Jaundice identified prior to age 24 hours is a medical…
Abnormalities of Serum Calcium and Magnesium Steven A. Abrams KEY POINTS Hypocalcemia is common in preterm infants but is more likely to occur at a higher ionized calcium level and…
Hypoglycemia and Hyperglycemia Heather H. Burris KEY POINTS Hypoglycemia is common in the newborn period but remains controversial due to the difficulty in defining hypoglycemia. The American Academy of Pediatrics…
Fluid and Electrolyte Management Elizabeth G. Doherty KEY POINTS Transition from fetal to neonatal life is associated with significant changes in water and electrolyte homeostatic control. Sources of water loss…
Breastfeeding and Maternal Medications Nancy Hurst Karen M. Puopolo KEY POINTS Breastfeeding is beneficial for mother, baby, and society. Hospital policies should include strategies to promote nonseparation of mothers and…
