Preventing Extreme Hyperbilirubinemia and Kernicterus
Preventing Extreme Hyperbilirubinemia and Kernicterus Most of the cases of kernicterus reported in the last decade did not occur in infants who had ABO or Rh hemolytic disease, but in…
Laboratory Measurements of Bilirubin
Laboratory Measurements of Bilirubin Total Serum Bilirubin This subject has been reviewed in detail (284,446,447) and addressed, most recently by Lo and associates (282). Although this is one of the…
Prevention, Identification, and Management of Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia
Prevention, Identification, and Management of Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia The Approach to a Jaundiced Infant The Institute of Medicine (IOM) issued a report in 2001 that describes a “chasm in health care…
Newer Developments that Affect Our Approach to the Jaundiced Newborn
Newer Developments that Affect Our Approach to the Jaundiced Newborn In the last several years, three factors have emerged that have colored our approach to the evaluation and management of…
Pathologic Causes of Jaundice
Pathologic Causes of Jaundice Indirect-reacting Hyperbilirubinemia Table 35-15 lists the causes of pathologic indirect-reacting hyperbilirubinemia in the neonate and Table 35-16 lists the causes of direct-reacting hyperbilirubinemia (cholestatic jaundice). For…
Jaundice in the Healthy Newborn
Jaundice in the Healthy Newborn Cord Bilirubin Levels Mean bilirubin levels in cord blood range from 1.4 to 1.9 mg/dL (24 to 32 μmol/L) (235,280,281), and elevated cord bilirubin levels…
The Clinical Approach to the Jaundiced Newborn
The Clinical Approach to the Jaundiced Newborn Epidemiology of Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia An important first step in the diagnosis and manaWgement of any jaundiced newborn is an understanding of the factors…
Clinical Sequelae of Hyperbilirubinemia
Clinical Sequelae of Hyperbilirubinemia Although there is no doubt about the relationship between elevated TSB levels and brain damage, the ability of a single peak bilirubin level to predict long-term…
Clinical Features of Bilirubin Encephalopathy
Clinical Features of Bilirubin Encephalopathy Terminology Although originally a pathologic diagnosis characterized by bilirubin staining of the brainstem nuclei and cerebellum, the term kernicterus has come to be used interchangeably…
Bilirubin Toxicity
Bilirubin Toxicity Kernicterus Pathology The first description of kernicterus (or brain jaundice) in newborns was provided by Hervieux in 1847 (1) and in 1875, Orth (36) observed bilirubin pigment at…
