Magnetic resonance imaging of the adrenal gland
Figure 18.1 Axial T1-weighted in-phase (a) and out-of-phase (b) images demonstrate a 2 cm incidental right adrenal nodule. It is intermediate in signal on the in-phase image (arrows) and becomes…
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia in females
Figure 11.1 Types of enzyme blocks and their consequences in CAH. The inherited defect in steroid biosynthesis of cortisol decreases cortisol, which leads to an increase in ACTH. This can…
Effects of androgens on female genital tract
Figure 10.1 Effects of ovariectomy and estrogen or androgen treatment on vaginal tissue structure (a–d). Female rats were left intact (control; a) or ovariectomized and after 2 weeks were infused…
Cushing’s syndrome in females
Figure 12.1 A patient with Cushing’s syndrome before (a) and after (b) adrenalectomy. Note the typical round “moon” face in (a). Picture courtesy of [24]. Figure 12.2 Patient with Cushing’s…
History and physical examination of polycystic ovary syndrome: Detecting too much or too little
Figure 16.1 Hirsutism is thick, dark terminal hair on androgen-sensitive areas of the body, such as the chin and upper lip (a), pelvis and linea alba (b), and sideburns and…
Androgen effects on the skin
Figure 8.1 Representation of the role of ovarian and adrenal sources of sex steroids in women. After menopause, the secretion of estradiol by the ovaries ceases and almost all of…
Androgen assays: of mice and men
Figure 17.1 Competitive immunoassay. The Y-axis is the % of Bound/Bound (B/B) at 0% concentration of unlabeled antigen, while the X-axis is the concentration of unlabeled antigen. From Abnova (Taiwan)…
Ovulation induction in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
html xmlns=”http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml” xmlns:mml=”http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML” xmlns:epub=”http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops”> 22 Ovulation induction in women with polycystic ovary syndrome Shawky Z. A. Badawy andBotros R. M. B. Rizk Introduction Our knowledge of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)…
Androgens in postmenopausal women: Their practically exclusive intracrine formation and inactivation in peripheral tissues
Figure 6.1 Human steroidogenic and steroid-inactivating enzymes in peripheral intracrine tissues. 4-dione, androstenedione; A-dione, 5α-androstane-3,17-dione; ADT, androsterone; epi-ADT, epiandrosterone; E1, estrone; E1-S, estrone sulfate; E2, 17β-estradiol; E2-S, estradiol sulfate; 5-diol,…
Polycystic ovary syndrome ovulation induction
html xmlns=”http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml” xmlns:mml=”http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML” xmlns:epub=”http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops”> 21 Polycystic ovary syndrome ovulation induction Carolyn J. Alexander Introduction Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common causes of ovulatory dysfunction and identifiable…
