Rhabdomyosarcoma Courtland Polley Rhabdomyosarcomas (RMSs) are primary malignant soft tissue tumors that arise from embryonic mesenchyme with the potential to differentiate into skeletal muscle.1 They are rare overall but account…

CNS Tumors in Children Lukas Gaffney Brain and central nervous system (CNS) tumors are the most common pediatric solid organ tumor and second most common malignancy overall behind leukemia.1 CNS…

Pediatric Orthopedic Tumors Blaze D. Emerson Bijan J. Ameri The most common malignant bone tumor is osteosarcoma (OS) and the Ewing sarcoma family of tumors (ESFT), which account for 90%…

Ovarian Tumors in Children Ann M. Polcari RELEVANT ANATOMY The ovary is a female reproductive organ suspended within the pelvis. It is kept in close proximity to the uterus and…

Testicular Tumors in Children Kenan Ashouri Fawaz M. Ashouri Pediatric testicular tumors are rare in the prepubescent male (Figure 54.1). Germ cell tumors (GCTs) comprise the majority of testicular tumors…

Tumors of the GI Tract in Children Nicholas Cortolillo There are many different tumors that affect the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in the pediatric population. This chapter will serve to highlight…

Mediastinal Tumors Marcus E. Eby The mediastinum is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity, which is surrounded by loose connective tissue and enclosed laterally by the left and right…

Adrenal Tumors in Children Scott J. Revell Carly M. Conway Jessica L. Buicko The first successful adrenalectomy was performed by John Knowsley Thornton who removed a 20-lb en bloc adrenal…

Hepatic Neoplasms in Children Ann M. Polcari The liver is an intraperitoneal organ located below the diaphragm in the right upper quadrant (RUQ) of the abdomen, extending from the fourth…

Pancreatic Tumors in Children Isolina R. Rossi An extremely rare entity, and until 2004, studies relied on case reports and series for their data. Most recently, the National Cancer Institute…