Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Michael A. Lopez Congenital diaphragmatic hernias (CDHs) occur in approximately 1 in every 2000 to 5000 live births.1 There are many forms of CDHs, named for the…

Pulmonary Sequestration David Rubay Pulmonary sequestration is a mass of nonfunctioning lung tissue with no communication with the tracheobronchial tree (Figure 35.1). This sequestered mass of lung tissue receives its…

Congenital Chest Wall Disorders Marcus E. Eby Chest wall deformities can be divided into 2 main categories: Congenital versus acquired Pediatric congenital chest wall deformities present anytime between birth and…

Foreign Body Ingestion Nadine Najjar Young children are instinctively curious about their environment, and their exploration can result in ingestion of a variety of foreign bodies. Anything can be ingested—commonly…

Tracheoesophageal Fistula Michael A. Lopez Esophageal atresia (EA) and tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) are congenital malformations that occur approximately in 1:3500 live-born infants.1 It is defined as an interruption in the…

Anorectal Malformations Paige E. Finkelstein One does not have to be a doctor to make the diagnosis of anorectal malformation (ARM), and thus it has been known throughout history for…

Hirschsprung Disease Sana Ahmad Qureshi Although there were sporadic case reports of pediatric colonic obstruction since 1691, Dr Harald Hirschsprung, a pediatrician from Copenhagen, first published observation of the pathologic…

Pediatric Abdominal Wall Hernias Sarah Simko INGUINAL HERNIAS Inguinal hernias were first described in the Ebers Papyrus in 1550 BC. In AD 150, Galen defined hernias as a rupture of…

Inflammatory Bowel Disease Sana Ahmad Qureshi Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a spectrum involving Crohn disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). CD was first written about by Dr Crohn in…