Why we wear shoes Since ancient times, people have protected their feet against the elements and rough terrain. Animal skins were used to cover the feet, lashed securely above the…

Introduction An intoeing walking or running gait is a frequent childhood concern that podiatrists may be asked to verify. It is important for any clinician to recognize when observable intoeing…

Definition A gait pattern in which heel contact with the ground is excluded, either completely or periodically. Toe walking may be idiopathic (i.e. of unknown cause), developmental or associated with…

Introduction 32 Historical perspective 33 Anatomical overview 35 Diaphysis 35 Metaphyses 36 Epiphyses 36 Physis 36 Abridged summary of bone properties 38 Fractures 38 Causes 39 Types 40 Muscles 42 Joints 44 Synovial joints 44 Fibrous joints 45 Cartilaginous joints 45 The effects of exercise 45 Introduction…

Definition of paediatric foot posture 107 Historical overview of the flat foot 107 Classification of flat feet 108 The arch 109 The heel eversion angle 110 Foot flexibility 110 Footprints 112 X-rays 113 Observation and the development of…

Definition of growing pains: inclusion and exclusion criteriaInclusionsExclusionsNature of pain Intermittent Some pain-free days and nights Persistent Increasing intensityUnilateral or bilateralBilateralUnilateralLocation of painAnterior thigh, calf, posterior knee – in musclesJoint…

Introduction 1 Milestones 1 Do you like children? The crucial element of authenticity 2 Thoughts as to why children cry 3 Children who are not crying may still be frightened 4 Sensitivity and the ‘three…