PAINFUL HIP Christopher G. Anton, MD DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common Transient Synovitis Septic Arthritis Osteomyelitis Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE) Legg-Calvé-Perthes (LCP) Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) Trauma Less Common Idiopathic Chondrolysis…

Cystic Neck Mass in A Child Bernadette L. Koch, MD DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common Suppurative Lymph Nodes Abscess Thyroglossal Duct Cyst Lymphatic Malformation Ranula 2nd Branchial Cleft Cyst Less Common 1st…

Macrophthalmos Bernadette L. Koch, MD DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common Staphyloma Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Less Common Acquired Glaucoma Congenital Glaucoma Rare but Important Congenital Myopia Sturge-Weber Syndrome Congenital Cystic Eye Coloboma with…

Congenital and Acquired Childhood Platyspondyly Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common Trauma Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Leukemia Metastatic Disease Ewing Sarcoma Less Common Achondroplasia (Homozygous) Osteogenesis Imperfecta Pseudoachondroplasia Mucopolysaccharidoses Radiation-Induced…

Ocular Lesion Kristine M. Mosier, DMD, PhD DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common Retinoblastoma Persistent Hyperplastic Primary Vitreous Retinopathy of Prematurity Congenital Cataract Less Common Coats Disease Coloboma Toxocariasis, Orbit Congenital Microphthalmos Rare…

Anomalies of The Urethra Steven J. Kraus, MD DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common Normal Urethra (Male) Normal Urethra (Female) Posterior Urethral Valve (PUV) Prostatic Utricle Bladder Sphincter Dyssynergia Less Common Cowper Duct…

Back Pain Kevin R. Moore, MD DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common Scoliosis Idiopathic Scoliosis Neuromuscular Scoliosis Congenital Scoliosis Trauma Fracture Traumatic Spinal Muscle Injury Syringomyelia Spondylolysis Scheuermann Disease Less Common Congenital Spinal…

Bubbly Bone Lesion Christopher G. Anton, MD DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common Nonossifying Fibroma (NOF) Less Common Aneurysmal Bone Cyst (ABC) Unicameral Bone Cyst (UBC) Fibrous Dysplasia (FD) Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH)…

Bullet-Shaped Vertebra/Anterior Vertebral Body Beaking Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common Achondroplasia Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21) Less Common Radiation-Induced Growth Deformities Hypothyroidism (Congenital) Pseudoachondroplasia Rare but Important Morquio Syndrome…

Dysmorphic Vertebral Body Julia Crim, MD DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common Single Vertebral Body Post-Traumatic Deformity Schmorl Node Limbus Vertebra Lytic Osseous Metastases Multiple but not all Vertebral Bodies Abnormal Segmentation Partial…