Abdominal Calcifications Michael Nasser, MD DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common Nephrolithiasis Cholelithiasis Hepatic and Splenic Granulomas Neuroblastoma Hepatoblastoma Teratoma (Ovarian) Appendicolith Less Common Remote Adrenal Hemorrhage Meconium Peritonitis ESSENTIAL INFORMATION Key Differential…

Hepatic Mass in a Neonate Alexander J. Towbin, MD DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common Hemangioendothelioma/Hemangioma Metastases Neuroblastoma Wilms Tumor Hepatoblastoma Mesenchymal Hamartoma Less Common Unilocular Cyst Choledochal Cyst Rare but Important Abscess…

Unilateral Small Kidney Sara M. O’Hara, MD, FAAP DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common Congenital Hypoplasia/Dysplasia Scarring Postinfectious Scarring Postinflammatory Scarring Obstructive Scarring Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR) Scarring Post-Traumatic Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney (MCDK) Less…

Neonatal Proximal Bowel Obstruction Steven J. Kraus, MD DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common Esophageal Atresia (EA) Duodenal Atresia (DA) or Stenosis (DS) Duodenal Web (DW) Jejunal Atresia Less Common Hiatal Hernia Midgut…

RADIAL DYSPLASIA_APLASIA Catherine C. Roberts, MD DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common Fanconi Anemia Holt-Oram Syndrome Thrombocytopenia-Absent Radius (TAR) Syndrome Less Common Klippel Feil VATER Association Trisomy 18 Trisomy 13-15 Radioulnar Synostosis Dyschondrosteosis…

Abdominal Mass in Neonate Eva Ilse Rubio, MD DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common Urinary Tract Obstruction Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction Ureteropelvic Duplications Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney Neuroblastoma, Congenital Adrenal Hemorrhage Gastrointestinal Duplication Cyst Mesenteric…

Long Bone, Metaphyseal Bands and Lines Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common Growth Arrest Lines Chronic Illness Trauma Normal Variant Disuse Osteoporosis Chemotherapy Malnutrition or Prolonged Hyperalimentation Hyperemia Heavy…

Splenic Mass Daniel J. Podberesky, MD DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common Perfusion Artifact Trauma Granulomatous Disease Lymphoma Acquired Cyst Hematoma Infarction Infection and Abscess Less Common Congenital Cyst Metastases Primary Tumor Rare…

COXA MAGNA DEFORMITY B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common Developmental Dysplasia Hip (DDH) Less Common Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE) Legg-Calvé-Perthes (LCP) Rare but Important Septic Hip…

Pneumoperitoneum Alexander J. Towbin, MD DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common Postoperative Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) Less Common Traumatic Bowel Injury Dissection from Pneumothorax or Pneumomediastinum Medications Appendicitis Iatrogenic Infection Rare but Important Spontaneous…