Macrophthalmos Bernadette L. Koch, MD DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common Staphyloma Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Less Common Acquired Glaucoma Congenital Glaucoma Rare but Important Congenital Myopia Sturge-Weber Syndrome Congenital Cystic Eye Coloboma with…

Congenital and Acquired Childhood Platyspondyly Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common Trauma Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Leukemia Metastatic Disease Ewing Sarcoma Less Common Achondroplasia (Homozygous) Osteogenesis Imperfecta Pseudoachondroplasia Mucopolysaccharidoses Radiation-Induced…

Ocular Lesion Kristine M. Mosier, DMD, PhD DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common Retinoblastoma Persistent Hyperplastic Primary Vitreous Retinopathy of Prematurity Congenital Cataract Less Common Coats Disease Coloboma Toxocariasis, Orbit Congenital Microphthalmos Rare…

Anomalies of The Urethra Steven J. Kraus, MD DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common Normal Urethra (Male) Normal Urethra (Female) Posterior Urethral Valve (PUV) Prostatic Utricle Bladder Sphincter Dyssynergia Less Common Cowper Duct…

Back Pain Kevin R. Moore, MD DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common Scoliosis Idiopathic Scoliosis Neuromuscular Scoliosis Congenital Scoliosis Trauma Fracture Traumatic Spinal Muscle Injury Syringomyelia Spondylolysis Scheuermann Disease Less Common Congenital Spinal…

Bubbly Bone Lesion Christopher G. Anton, MD DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common Nonossifying Fibroma (NOF) Less Common Aneurysmal Bone Cyst (ABC) Unicameral Bone Cyst (UBC) Fibrous Dysplasia (FD) Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH)…

Bullet-Shaped Vertebra/Anterior Vertebral Body Beaking Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common Achondroplasia Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21) Less Common Radiation-Induced Growth Deformities Hypothyroidism (Congenital) Pseudoachondroplasia Rare but Important Morquio Syndrome…

Dysmorphic Vertebral Body Julia Crim, MD DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common Single Vertebral Body Post-Traumatic Deformity Schmorl Node Limbus Vertebra Lytic Osseous Metastases Multiple but not all Vertebral Bodies Abnormal Segmentation Partial…

Soft Tissue Mass Christopher G. Anton, MD DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common Ganglion Cyst Lipoma Hematoma Vascular Malformation Hemangioma Fat Necrosis Less Common Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) Myositis Ossificans Neurofibroma (NF) Synovial Sarcoma Rare…

Kyphoscoliosis Julia Crim, MD DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common Traumatic Burst Thoracolumbar Fracture Lateral Compression Fracture, Lumbar Lateral Compression Fracture, Thoracic Lateral Flexion Injury, Cervical Chance Fracture, Thoracic Congenital Congenital Scoliosis and…