Microcephaly Susan I. Blaser, MD, FRCPC DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common Secondary/Acquired from Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy TORCH Infections Nonaccidental Trauma Meningitis Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Less Common Primary/Genetic with Gyral Simplification Cortical Dysplasia…

Middle Ear Lesion H. Ric Harnsberger, MD DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common Chronic Otitis Media (COM) Acquired Cholesteatoma, Pars Flaccida Congenital Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear Less Common Acute Otomastoiditis (AOM) with Coalescent Otomastoiditis…

Petrous Apex Lesion Logan A. McLean, MD & H. Ric Harnsberger, MD DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common Asymmetric Marrow, Petrous Apex Trapped Fluid, Petrous Apex Cholesterol Granuloma, Petrous Apex Primary or Metastatic…

Destroyed Femoral Heads Christopher G. Anton, MD DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Less Common Legg-Calvé-Perthes (LCP) Disease Avascular Necrosis Septic Arthritis Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE) Rare but Important…

Rapidly Developing Proptosis Bernadette L. Koch, MD DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common Abscess, Subperiosteal, Orbit Infantile Hemangioma, Orbit Lymphatic Malformation, Orbit Less Common Trauma, Orbit Idiopathic Orbital Inflammatory Disease (Pseudotumor) Rhabdomyosarcoma Metastatic…

Sinonasal Anatomic Variants Michelle A. Michel, MD DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common Nasal Septal Deviation Agger Nasi Cell Nasal Septal Spur Concha Bullosa Infraorbital Ethmoid (Haller) Cell Paradoxical Middle Turbinate Less Common…

Scalloped Vertebral Bodies Bernadette L. Koch, MD DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common Vertebral Segmentation Failure Spinal Dysraphism Less Common Achondroplasia Mucopolysaccharidoses Dural Dysplasia Rare but Important Syringomyelia Intraspinal Mass ESSENTIAL INFORMATION Helpful…

Intracranial Hemorrhage Bernadette L. Koch, MD DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common Cerebral Contusion Germinal Matrix Hemorrhage Diffuse Axonal Injury (DAI) Cavernous Malformation Less Common Arteriovenous Malformation Venous Thrombosis Acute Hypertensive Encephalopathy, PRES…

PAINFUL HIP Christopher G. Anton, MD DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common Transient Synovitis Septic Arthritis Osteomyelitis Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE) Legg-Calvé-Perthes (LCP) Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) Trauma Less Common Idiopathic Chondrolysis…

Cystic Neck Mass in A Child Bernadette L. Koch, MD DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common Suppurative Lymph Nodes Abscess Thyroglossal Duct Cyst Lymphatic Malformation Ranula 2nd Branchial Cleft Cyst Less Common 1st…