Back Pain Kevin R. Moore, MD DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common Scoliosis Idiopathic Scoliosis Neuromuscular Scoliosis Congenital Scoliosis Trauma Fracture Traumatic Spinal Muscle Injury Syringomyelia Spondylolysis Scheuermann Disease Less Common Congenital Spinal…

Bubbly Bone Lesion Christopher G. Anton, MD DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common Nonossifying Fibroma (NOF) Less Common Aneurysmal Bone Cyst (ABC) Unicameral Bone Cyst (UBC) Fibrous Dysplasia (FD) Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH)…

Bullet-Shaped Vertebra/Anterior Vertebral Body Beaking Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common Achondroplasia Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21) Less Common Radiation-Induced Growth Deformities Hypothyroidism (Congenital) Pseudoachondroplasia Rare but Important Morquio Syndrome…

Dysmorphic Vertebral Body Julia Crim, MD DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common Single Vertebral Body Post-Traumatic Deformity Schmorl Node Limbus Vertebra Lytic Osseous Metastases Multiple but not all Vertebral Bodies Abnormal Segmentation Partial…

Soft Tissue Mass Christopher G. Anton, MD DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common Ganglion Cyst Lipoma Hematoma Vascular Malformation Hemangioma Fat Necrosis Less Common Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) Myositis Ossificans Neurofibroma (NF) Synovial Sarcoma Rare…

Kyphoscoliosis Julia Crim, MD DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common Traumatic Burst Thoracolumbar Fracture Lateral Compression Fracture, Lumbar Lateral Compression Fracture, Thoracic Lateral Flexion Injury, Cervical Chance Fracture, Thoracic Congenital Congenital Scoliosis and…

Microphthalmos Bernadette L. Koch, MD DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common Trauma, Orbit Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) Retinal Detachment (RD) Coloboma Less Common Persistent Hyperplastic Primary Vitreous (PHPV) Congenital Microphthalmos Rare but Important…

Elbow Effusion Christopher G. Anton, MD DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common Supracondylar Fracture Lateral Condylar Fracture Medial Epicondyle Avulsion Trauma without Fracture Radial Neck Fracture Other Less Common Fractures Less Common Osteochondritis…

Solid Neck Mass in Neonate Bernadette L. Koch, MD DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common Fibromatosis Colli Reactive Lymph Nodes Infantile Hemangioma Less Common Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Teratoma Rare but Important Langerhans Cell…

Solid Neck Mass in A Child Bernadette L. Koch, MD DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common Reactive Lymph Nodes Hodgkin Lymphoma, Lymph Nodes Infantile Hemangioma Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, Lymph Nodes Less…