Hepatitis B and C
Chronic viral hepatitis is a global health threat and financial burden. Hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV and HCV) are the most common causes of chronic viral hepatitis in the…
PEDIATRICS
Pediatric Liver Transplantation
Excellent outcomes over the last 3 decades have made liver transplantation the treatment of choice for many advanced liver disorders. This success also opened liver transplantation to new indications such as…
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Children
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome and has become the most common form of chronic liver disease in children and adolescents. The histologic…
Neonatal Cholestasis
Neonatal jaundice is common and usually not concerning when it is secondary to unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia, below the neurotoxic level, and resolves early. Primary care providers should be vigilant, however, about…
Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn disease, ulcerative colitis, and IBD-unspecified, is a chronic immune-mediated condition of the gastrointestinal tract in which the goal of treatment is to induce and…
Motility Disorders in Children
Gastrointestinal motility disorders in the pediatric population are common and can range from benign processes to more serious disorders. Performing and interpreting motility evaluations in children present unique challenges. There…
Celiac Disease and Nonceliac Gluten Sensitivity
Gluten-related disorders include celiac disease (CD), wheat allergy, and nonceliac gluten sensitivity. CD is an autoimmune enteropathy caused by damage to small intestinal mucosa when gluten is ingested in genetically…
Gastrointestinal Bleeding and Management
There is a broad clinical spectrum of gastrointestinal bleeding in children, ranging from subtle laboratory findings to dramatic clinical presentations. This review provides a framework for the evaluation and management…
Abdominal Pain in Children
Abdominal pain is a common presenting symptom in children. The differential diagnosis of abdominal pain is extensive; however, a vast majority of patients ultimately are diagnosed with functional abdominal pain…
Caustic Ingestions and Foreign Bodies Ingestions in Pediatric Patients
Children inevitably swallow foreign material accidentally or intentionally. Each type of ingestion carries their own set of risks and complications, short and long term, some requiring immediate attention while others…
