A newborn with genital ambiguity requires careful diagnostic evaluation to identify the underlying etiology in an efficient manner and assign gender without lengthy delay. The infant’s family needs comprehensive psychosocial…
Some proponents of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) treatment in growth hormone–sufficient children cite height, as an isolated physical characteristic, as being associated with psychosocial morbidity. Others question the reliability…
Abnormal menstruation in adolescent girls can cause psychological and physical strain from excess, unpredictable, painful, or even absent bleeding. Care providers who understand what is normal and what is concerning…
Overt thyroid dysfunction is documented by serum thyrotropin or T4 concentrations are often ordered for nonspecific complaints and will by definition fall outside of the 95% reference range 5% of…
A constant supply of glucose to the brain is critical for normal cerebral metabolism. The dysglycemia of type 1 diabetes (T1D) can affect activity, survival, and function of neural cells….
In this article, the author reviews the long-term outcomes and their precursors of type 1 diabetes starting in youth. The author also contrasts the changing incidence of these long-term complications…
Technological innovations have revolutionized the treatment of type 1 diabetes. Although technological advances can potentially improve diabetes outcomes, maintenance of target glycemic control, at the present time, remains largely dependent…
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). This article examines the factors associated with DKA in children with…
Fractures are common during childhood; however, they can also be the presenting symptom of primary or secondary causes of bone fragility. The challenge is to identify those children who warrant…
One-third of North American children are overweight or obese. Pathologic obesity accounts for only a small percentage of these cases. The vast majority are the result of a complex interaction…
