Red blood cell transfusions are increasingly used in the management of various anemias, including thalassemia and sickle cell disease. Because the body lacks physiologic mechanisms for removing excess iron, transfusional…

The thalassemia syndromes are hemoglobin disorders that result from significantly reduced or absent synthesis of either the α- or β-globin chains. The result is a chronic hemolytic anemia with ineffective…

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the name for a group of related blood disorders caused by an abnormal hemoglobin molecule that polymerizes on deoxygenation. SCD affects the entire body, and…

Primary abnormalities of the erythrocyte membrane are characterized by clinical, laboratory, and genetic heterogeneity. Among this group, hereditary spherocytosis patients are more likely to experience symptomatic anemia. Treatment of hereditary…

A complete blood cell count (CBC) is a frequent test sent to aid in the diagnostic evaluation of ill patients. Not uncommonly hematologic abnormalities may be the first sign of…

This article provides a practice-based and concise review of the etiology, diagnosis, and management of acquired aplastic anemia in children. Bone marrow transplantation, immunosuppressive therapy, and supportive care are discussed…

Molecular pathogenesis may be elucidated for inherited bone marrow failure syndromes (IBMFS). The study and presentation of the details of their molecular biology and biochemistry is warranted for appropriate diagnosis…

This article reviews the ontogeny of hematopoiesis (embryonic/fetal/newborn phases) and its regulation and provides examples of the disorders of hematopoiesis that present in the newborn or infant and their pathophysiology….

Adolescents with congenital heart disease (CHD) are a rapidly growing population with complex medical needs and psychosocial challenges. Identity formation is an important developmental task accomplished during the teenage years….