Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes
Prevention of loss of b cells in type 1 diabetes is a major goal of current research. Knowledge of the genetic susceptibility, increasing ability to predict who may be at…
PEDIATRICS
Pediatric Obesity: Etiology and Treatment
This article reviews factors that contribute to excessive weight gain in children and outlines current knowledge regarding approaches for treating pediatric obesity. Most of the known genetic causes of obesity…
Metabolic Syndrome in Pediatrics: Old Concepts Revised, New Concepts Discussed
The worldwide epidemic of childhood obesity in the last decades is responsible for the occurrence in pediatrics of disorders once mainly found in adults, such as the metabolic syndrome. A…
Optimizing Potential for Fertility: Fertility Considerations for the Pediatrician
Whether for the prepubertal or pubertal child, the goal of fertility preservation is to obtain cells or tissues to be used to produce future children. For the prepubertal child, preservation…
Etiology and Treatment of Hypogonadism in Adolescents
Adequate functioning at all levels of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis is necessary for normal gonadal development and subsequent sex steroid production. Deficiencies at any level of the axis can lead to…
Growth Hormone: The Expansion of Available Products and Indications
Growth hormone is a widely used hormone. This article describes its historical use, current indications and studies for possible future uses. Growth hormone (GH) first was isolated from the human…
Nutrition and Bone Growth in Pediatrics
Children’s growth is a hallmark of their normal development and the association between nutrition and linear growth in children is well accepted. Growth requires an adequate supply of many different…
Strategies for Maximizing Growth in Puberty in Children with Short Stature
The approach to the child with growth retardation who is in puberty remains an important clinical challenge. The use of high-dose growth hormone (GH), suppression of puberty with GnRH analogs…
Congenital Disorders of the Thyroid: Hypo/Hyper
This article summarizes the ontogenesis and genetics of the thyroid with regards to its possible congenital dysfunction and briefly refers to the roles of the mother-placenta-fetal unit, iodine effect, and…
Perinatal Endocrinology: Common Endocrine Disorders in the Sick and Premature Newborn
Endocrine disorders are common in infants in the neonatal ICU. They often are associated with prematurity, low birth weight or very low birth weight, and small size for gestational age….
