Background/rationale It is important for care providers who are promoting healthy sleep for infants and toddlers to be familiar with empirical data to inform their areas of assessment. The background/rationale…

Introduction The main purpose of this chapter is to highlight the various factors that contribute to the development of early childhood insomnia in the context of the transactional model of…

Sleep in early life plays crucial roles in optimal neural and cognitive brain development, cortical maturation, and brain connectivity. Complex bidirectional relationships between sleep and development are observed in infants….

Introduction This chapter addresses problems with sleep, and primarily breathing during sleep, among several groups of infants with potentially chronic diseases that can be identified at birth or that appear…

Introduction Hypoventilation refers to an elevated level of arterial carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), typically resulting from ineffective gas exchange. Sleep-related hypoventilation based on pediatric polysomnographic scoring is defined by…

General considerations Historically, there have been more challenges in the evaluation and management of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in infants compared to older children, but more recently OSA has been…

Introduction Since the first human electroencephalography (EEG) recordings in the 1920s, researchers have sought to best understand the significance of these tracings as they relate to the generators (e.g., cortical…

Introduction The assessment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in infants shares many similarities with older children. Polysomnography and clinical assessment are the cornerstones in both. Infants, however, have considerable changes…