DISORDERS OF PIGMENTATION
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Skin color is genetically determined and is caused by the total amount of melanin pigment in the skin. Normal constitutive melanin pigmentation determines skin type, which…
PEDIATRICS
DISORDERS OF BLOOD AND LYMPH VESSELS
CONGENITAL VASCULAR LESIONS Print Section Listen INSIGHT It is important to differentiate between the three most common vascular anomalies in newborns: capillary stains that self-resolve, port-wine stains that benefit from…
SKIN SIGNS OF RETICULOENDOTHELIAL DISEASE
HISTIOCYTOSIS Print Section Listen The disorders of xanthohistiocytic proliferation involving histiocytes, foam cells, and mixed inflammatory cells are divided into Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) and non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis (non-LCH). LANGERHANS…
ENDOCRINE DISORDERS AND THE SKIN
ACANTHOSIS NIGRICANS Print Section Listen Acanthosis nigricans (AN) is a diffuse, velvety thickening and hyperpigmentation of the skin, chiefly in axillae and other body folds, which may be related to…
MISCELLANEOUS INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS
PAPULOSQUAMOUS ERUPTIONS Print Section Listen PITYRIASIS ROSEA Pityriasis rosea (PR) is a common, benign, self-limited whole body rash with a seasonal prevalence that is clinically characterized by a solitary “herald…
NEUROCUTANEOUS DISORDERS
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen The neurocutaneous disorders are a group of inherited conditions associated with skin, peripheral and central nervous system (CNS), and other systemic abnormalities. Embryologically, the skin and…
BENIGN DERMAL PROLIFERATIONS
CONNECTIVE TISSUE NEVUS Print Section Listen Connective tissue nevi are benign, slightly elevated, well-circumscribed plaques that are often seen as an isolated skin finding, but can also be associated with…
DISORDERS OF MELANOCYTES
ACQUIRED MELANOCYTIC NEVI Print Section Listen Acquired melanocytic nevocellular nevi are small (<1 cm), benign, well-circumscribed, pigmented lesions comprised of groups of melanocytes or melanocytic nevus cells. They can be…
ECZEMATOUS DERMATITIS
ATOPIC DERMATITIS Print Section Listen Atopic dermatitis is a chronic disorder characterized by xerosis, pruritus, scaly erythematous patches, and thickening of the skin with enhancement of normal skin markings (lichenification)….
BENIGN APPENDAGEAL PROLIFERATIONS
NEVUS SEBACEUS Print Section Listen A nevus sebaceus is a solitary, well-circumscribed, yellow-orange hairless plaque located on the face or scalp that is a hamartoma of follicular, sebaceous, and apocrine…
