Pulmonary Trauma, Surgery, and Toxins
TRAUMA Print Section Listen Trauma is the most common cause of mortality in childhood. Although most fatalities are a result of head injuries, the thorax is often involved in major…
PEDIATRICS
Chronic Lung Disease, Genetic Abnormalities, and Systemic Disease
BRONCHIECTASIS Print Section Listen Bronchiectasis refers to irreversible dilation of the bronchi or bronchioles. The airway enlargement is a result of weakening of the bronchial walls in response to chronic…
Neonatal Lung Disease
TRANSIENT TACHYPNEA OF THE NEWBORN Print Section Listen The clinical syndrome of transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) is caused by persistence of fetal lung fluid in the neonate. Other…
The Mediastinum
DEVELOPMENTAL ABNORMALITIES Print Section Listen Thymus The function of the thymus is to produce T lymphocytes, which are crucial components of cell-mediated immunity. The primordia of the thymus develop from…
The Chest Wall
CLINICAL PRESENTATIONS: CHEST PAIN Print Section Listen A variety of cardiac, pulmonary, and esophageal lesions can result in chest pain. Pericarditis causes severe substernal chest pain that is exacerbated by…
The Breast
NORMAL DEVELOPMENT Print Section Listen Paired ectodermal primitive mammary streaks (milk streaks) form along the ventral surface of the embryo during the fifth week of gestation. These extend from the…
Pulmonary Neoplasms and Masses
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Lung masses in children comprise a spectrum of neoplastic, developmental, and acquired lesions (Table 5-1). Most pulmonary masses in children are developmental or inflammatory. Blastomycosis can…
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Indications Print Section Listen • Meconium aspiration syndrome. • Congenital diaphragmatic hernia. • Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension. • Severe, reversible respiratory failure. • Cardiac disease. Contraindications Print Section Listen • Preterm…
Electroencephalography
Indications Print Section Listen • Suspected epilepsy. • Suspected ongoing seizures or subclinical status epilepticus. • Epilepsy characterization. • Unexplained encephalopathy or coma. • Monitoring medication-induced coma. • Paralyzed patients…
Renal Replacement Therapy
Peritoneal Dialysis Print Section Listen Indications • End-stage renal disease. • Acute kidney failure accompanied by 1 or more of the following: • Oliguria or anuria. • Uremia (azotemia accompanied…
