The Nose, Nasal Cavity, and Nasopharynx
DEVELOPMENTAL ABNORMALITIES Print Section Listen Choanal Stenosis and Atresia Posterior choanal stenosis or atresia is the most common developmental narrowing of the nasal cavity, and is the most common cause…
PEDIATRICS
Genital Abnormalities that Affect Both Genders
CLOACAL EXSTROPHY Print Section Listen Cloacal exstrophy is a rare anomaly in which there is external exposure of the bladder and the terminal aspect of the gut. Genital anomalies are…
The Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands
THYROID DEVELOPMENT AND DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING Print Section Listen Thyroid Development Thyroid development begins during the third week of gestation as a midline focus of endodermal thickening on the floor of…
The Anterior Abdominal Wall
OMPHALOCELE Print Section Listen Omphalocele and gastroschisis are the 2 most common congenital abdominal wall defects. They are distinct genetic and clinical entities. With omphalocele, there is failure of the…
Head Trauma
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Traumatic brain injury is a leading cause of death and disability in children. In the United States, approximately 3000 children and adolescents (0 to 16 years…
Infection, Inflammation, and Degenerative Disorders of the Spine
INFECTION OF THE SPINE (SPONDYLITIS) Print Section Listen Osteomyelitis Infection of the vertebral column in infants and children is much less common than osteomyelitis of the pelvis or long bones….
The Omentum, Mesentery, and Peritoneal Cavity
INTERNAL ABDOMINAL HERNIATION Print Section Listen An internal abdominal herniation is the extension of an abdominal organ through a mesenteric or peritoneal aperture. These rare lesions can be congenital or…
Abdominal Trauma and Other Intra-Abdominal Emergencies
CLINICAL PRESENTATIONS: THE ACUTE ABDOMEN Print Section Listen Acute abdominal pain is one of the most frequent presentations of children visiting emergency departments or outpatient clinics. The differential diagnosis is…
The Salivary Glands
DEVELOPMENTAL ABNORMALITIES Print Section Listen The most common developmental salivary gland disorder is salivary tissue in an ectopic location such as the nasopharynx or middle ear (salivary gland choristoma). Other…
The Paranasal Sinuses
NORMAL DEVELOPMENT Print Section Listen The maxillary sinuses are the first of the paranasal sinuses to develop. In the neonate, the maxillary sinuses are quite small and may be partially…
