Nutritional Supplementation in Pediatric Surgery
Key Points Print Section Listen Although optimal growth of the neonate can be insured with a caloric intake from 100 to 150 kcal/kg/D, during acute metabolic stress (injury) states, characterized…
PEDIATRICS
Transfusion Medicine and Coagulation Disorders
Key Points Print Section Listen Typical transfusion thresholds include a hematocrit of 21% in asymptomatic patients, and 30% in critically ill premature neonates or patients undergoing major surgery. Patients with…
Office-Based Ambulatory Surgery
Key Points Print Section Listen Procedural analgesia and sedation are both safe and applicable to office setting surgical procedures in children as long as support personnel are appropriately trained and…
Ethical Considerations in Pediatric Surgery
Key Points Print Section Listen The primary duty of the pediatric surgeon as healer is one of promoting good and acting with beneficence, while keeping the patient at the center…
Surgical Infection: Classification, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Key Points Print Section Listen Findings on physical examination often suggest the origin and likely causative organisms in patients with infections involving the skin and subcutaneous tissues. When planning operative…
Gastrointestinal, Pulmonary, Cardiac, and Neurologic Developmental Physiology of the Premature and Term Newborn
Key Points Print Section Listen The morphologic and immunologic development of the gastrointestinal system progresses rapidly during the third trimester, and therefore is immature in preterm neonates. Human breast milk…
Metabolic Response to Illness and Operation
Key Points Print Section Listen Children have reduced metabolic reserves and are particularly susceptible to the adverse effects associated with the catabolic response to critical illness. The metabolic response to…
Bariatric Surgery
Introduction Print Section Listen Over 15 million adult Americans (6.6% of the population) had a BMI > 40 kg/m2 in 2013, and the rate of obesity continues to rise.1 Obesity…
Intracranial Neoplasms and Masses
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS Print Section Listen The central nervous system (CNS) is the site of origin for approximately 20% of pediatric cancers. CNS neoplasms are the second most common type of…
Musculoskeletal Tumors
BENIGN FOCAL BONE LESIONS Print Section Listen Benign Fibrous Bone Lesions Avulsive Cortical Irregularity Avulsive cortical irregularity (cortical desmoid) refers to the common radiographic irregularity over a short segment of…
