CONGENITAL INFECTION Print Section Listen Congenital infections are acquired by the maternal hematogenous-transplacental route or by exposure to organisms during passage through the birth canal. Most fetal bacterial infections are…
ANOMALIES OF THE AORTA Print Section Listen Terminology The aorta consists of thoracic and abdominal components. There are 5 segments of the thoracic aorta. The aortic root is a short…
PREDOMINANT INVOLVEMENT OF WHITE MATTER Print Section Listen Adrenoleukodystrophy (X-linked) X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy is a metabolic disorder that predominantly affects the central nervous system (CNS), adrenal glands, and testicles. The clinical…
CLINICAL AND RADIOGRAPHIC PRESENTATIONS Print Section Listen Respiratory System Defense Mechanisms Against Infection Pneumonias, sometimes recurrent, occur with increased frequency in children who have defective immune or pulmonary defense mechanisms….
DISEASES OF THE MYOCARDIUM AND ENDOCARDIUM Print Section Listen Terminology of Myocardial and Endocardial Diseases The myocardium is the middle layer of the heart wall and is predominantly composed of…
MECHANISMS OF HYDROCEPHALUS Print Section Listen Hydrocephalus refers to abnormal dilation of the ventricular system in association with narrowing of the subarachnoid spaces. Elevation of the intraventricular pressure may or…
ACUTE DISSEMINATED ENCEPHALOMYELITIS Print Section Listen Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an immune-mediated central nervous system (CNS) disorder. Patients with ADEM have multifocal inflammatory (but noninfectious) lesions within the brain…
EMBRYOLOGY OF THE LUNGS AND PULMONARY VESSELS Print Section Listen Fetal lung development can be categorized into the embryonic, pseudoglandular, canalicular, and saccular phases.1 Embryonic development begins at 24 to…
TRAUMA Print Section Listen Trauma is the most common cause of mortality in childhood. Although most fatalities are a result of head injuries, the thorax is often involved in major…
BRONCHIECTASIS Print Section Listen Bronchiectasis refers to irreversible dilation of the bronchi or bronchioles. The airway enlargement is a result of weakening of the bronchial walls in response to chronic…
