Congenital Heart Disease
DEVELOPMENT OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Print Section Listen The Primitive Heart During the first 20 days of development, the human embryo has no cardiovascular structures. However, very rapid and intricate…
PEDIATRICS
The Spleen
NORMAL DEVELOPMENT, ANATOMY, AND FUNCTION Print Section Listen The spleen develops from mesenchymal cells that migrate during embryogenesis into the dorsal mesogastrium. Spleen development begins during the fifth week of…
Urinary System Trauma, Surgery, and Therapy
URINARY SYSTEM TRAUMA Print Section Listen Renal Trauma Trauma accounts for almost 50% of deaths of children aged 1 to 14 years in the United States. Over 1.5 million injuries,…
Diseases of the Renal Parenchyma
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Renal parenchymal disease, also termed medical renal disease, includes various disorders of the glomeruli, interstitium, tubules, and small blood vessels of the kidneys. The clinical spectrum…
Neoplasms and Masses of the Spine
SPINAL CORD (INTRAMEDULLARY) TUMORS Print Section Listen Astrocytoma and ependymoma account for approximately 90% of spinal cord tumors (Table 24-1). Other tumors of the cord are rare. The presenting symptoms…
The Pancreas
NORMAL DEVELOPMENT Print Section Listen Development of the pancreas begins with the formation of 2 anlagen from the embryonic foregut. One arises from the dorsal aspect of the gut and…
The Temporal Bone and Ear
CLINICAL PRESENTATIONS: HEARING LOSS Print Section Listen There are various classification techniques for hearing loss in children. Congenital (prelingual) hearing loss occurs before the child learns to speak. The prevalence…
Vesicoureteral Reflux
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is the intermittent reversal of normal antegrade flow of urine from the ureter into the bladder. In most affected patients, the important clinical…
The Nose, Nasal Cavity, and Nasopharynx
DEVELOPMENTAL ABNORMALITIES Print Section Listen Choanal Stenosis and Atresia Posterior choanal stenosis or atresia is the most common developmental narrowing of the nasal cavity, and is the most common cause…
Genital Abnormalities that Affect Both Genders
CLOACAL EXSTROPHY Print Section Listen Cloacal exstrophy is a rare anomaly in which there is external exposure of the bladder and the terminal aspect of the gut. Genital anomalies are…
