Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) was first described in 1955. It is one of the most frequent causes of acute renal failure in children and is defined…
PEDIATRICS
Glomerulonephritis
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen Glomerulonephritis (GN) is not a specific disease, but rather an inflammatory state within the renal glomerulus. This inflammation causes glomerular injury and results in impaired glomerular…
Chronic Renal Failure
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen Chronic renal failure (CRF) is an irreversible reduction in renal function, or glomerular filtration rate (GFR), with accompanying derangements in biochemical homeostasis. The term chronic kidney…
Acute Renal Failure
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen Acute renal failure (ARF) is the sudden decline in renal function resulting in increase in metabolic waste products in the blood and dysregulation of extracellular electrolytes…
Neck and Oral Cavity Infections
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen Children with complaints of mouth and/or throat pain may have infections that range from mild and self-limited in nature to severe and life threatening. With the…
Complications of Acute Otitis Media and Sinusitis
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen Uncomplicated acute otitis media (AOM) and sinusitis are generally managed in the outpatient setting with excellent outcomes. Occasionally, complications from these infections arise, and a subset…
Fever and Rash
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Fever, a common presenting complaint in the acute care setting, may be associated with rash. The disorders that present with fever and rash range from benign…
Urinary Tract Infections in Childhood
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common and important clinical problem in childhood and may lead to systemic illness and renal injury in the short term;…
Middle Respiratory Tract Infections and Bronchiolitis
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen Acute bronchiolitis is the most frequent cause of infant hospitalization in the United States. Thus, a significant portion of a pediatric hospitalist’s time is spent caring…
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections
PNEUMONIA Print Section Listen BACKGROUND Epidemiology and Pathophysiology Pneumonia is the leading killer of children worldwide, with nearly 2 million deaths annually among children less than 5 years of age.1,2…
