Bacterial meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges affecting the pia, the arachnoid, and the subarachnoid space that occurs in response to bacteria and bacterial products. A discussion of infections…

The mediastinum is the extrapleural portion of the thoracic cavity situated between the two pleural sacs. The superior and inferior portions are separated arbitrarily by a line extending from the…

Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is an inflammatory disease of the heart, joints, central nervous system, and subcutaneous tissues that develops after a nasopharyngeal infection by one of the group A…

Myocarditis is defined clinically and pathologically as inflammation of the myocardium. The clinical presentation and cause may be quite varied. This entity may go unrecognized in numerous patients whose illness…

Purulent pericarditis generally refers to bacterial infection of the pericardium. Inflammation of the pericardium may result from numerous nonbacterial microorganisms, however, or may occur with a variety of noninfectious illnesses…

Infective endocarditis results when microorganisms adhere to the endocardial surface of the heart. This process usually occurs on heart valves, although septal defects and mural surfaces can be affected. Most…

Keywords Cystic fibrosis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa , nontuberculous mycobacterium, CFTR modulators, infection control, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia , Achromobacter xylosoxidans , MRSA, MSSA, small-colony Staphylococcus aureus variants   Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the…

Children’s interstitial lung disease (ILD) encompasses a heterogeneous group of uncommon lung disorders with varying clinical presentations and morbidity. Because these conditions often involve the alveoli and distal airways, and…

Most episodes of pneumonia resolve spontaneously or with limited medical therapy. Certain groups, those with underlying diseases, those with anatomic or functional abnormalities, or immunocompromised patients, are more prone to…