Fig. 13.1 Uterosacral ligaments (AHRCC) Fig. 13.2 Uterosacral ligaments removed from attachment Transverse Cervical (Cardinal/Mackenrodt’s) Ligaments This serves as the main uterine support. They attach the lateral margins of the…
Fig. 21.1 Surgeon console Fig. 21.2 Patient cart Robotic Technology It enables the surgeon to be more precise, improve their technique, and enhance their capability in performing complex minimally invasive…
Fig. 14.1 Carcinoma endometrium, Stage 1A (T1a, N0, M0) Tumor Confined to the uterus, no or < ½ myometrial invasion, Stage 1B (T1b, N0, M0) Tumor Confined to the uterus,…
Fig. 31.1 Uterine leiomyosarcoma. Multi-lobulated grey-white tumor with areas of hemorrhage and microcysts Simple hysterectomy with or without bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy is the mainstay of surgical management of uterine LMS. Ovaries…
Risk stratification Factors Treatment Low risk Stage IA, grade I–II Observation Intermediate risk Stage IA, grade III; stage IB, grade I–II Vaginal brachytherapy (VBT) High risk Stage IB, grade III;…
Fig. 23.1 Uterine papillary serous carcinoma. Note the fibrovascular core lined by stratified, pleomorphic cells, forming secondary papillae and cellular buds Clear-cell cancers are more varied, often characterized by tubulocystic,…
Route of recurrence Risk factors Hematogenous All stages of disease Myometrial invasion >50 % Stage I disease, negative LNs Myometrial invasion ≥66 % Lymphatic Pelvic/paraaortic LNs CSI, LN metastases Peritoneal…
Fig. 38.1 CT scan showing enlarged uterus with cystic spaces and thinned out myometrium A differential diagnosis of uterine sarcoma/endometrial malignancy was made on imaging. CA125 and LDH were within…
Disease related Neuropathy secondary to uncontrolled diabetes mellitus Tumor infiltration and nerve impingement Gynecologic malignancy-specific pain syndromes Lumbosacral plexopathy Pelvic pain Malignant psoas syndrome Treatment related Radiation-induced pain (e.g., proctitis,…
Study Stage Number Clinical outcome Kapp et al. [8] I 951 5-year DSS: 76 % II 43 5-year DSS: 60 % III 99 5-year DSS: 45 % IV 303 5-year…
