Autoimmune Disease in Pregnancy
Autoimmune Disease in Pregnancy Katherine Latimer Donna Neale Autoimmune disease is characterized by the production of antibodies against selfantigens. One of many medical mysteries is how the fetus, that is…
GYNECOLOGY
Gastrointestinal Disease in Pregnancy
Gastrointestinal Disease in Pregnancy Christopher C. DeStephano Abimbola Aina-Mumuney GASTROINTESTINAL PHYSIOLOGY AND ANATOMY IN PREGNANCY During pregnancy, anatomic and physiologic changes undergone by the gastrointestinal tract can influence the diagnosis…
Genitourinary Assessment and Renal Disease in Pregnancy
Genitourinary Assessment and Renal Disease in Pregnancy Katherine Ikard Stewart Robert M. Ehsanipoor KIDNEY AND URINARY TRACT DISORDERS Renal Physiology in Pregnancy The renal system undergoes many physiologic changes during…
Cardiopulmonary Disorders of Pregnancy
Cardiopulmonary Disorders of Pregnancy Stephen Martin Ernest M. Graham CARDIAC DISORDERS Cardiac diseases complicate 1% to 4% of pregnancies in women without preexisting cardiac abnormalities. Pregnancy is associated with major…
Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy
Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy Veena Choubey Frank R. Witter DEFINITIONS OF HYPERTENSIVE DISORDERS Hypertensive disorders affect 5% to 10% of all pregnancies. Hypertension is defined as systolic blood pressure (BP)…
Endocrine Disorders of Pregnancy
Endocrine Disorders of Pregnancy Clark T. Johnson Lorraine A. Milio DIABETES MELLITUS Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common medical complication of pregnancy in the United States, affecting nearly 7%…
Congenital Anomalies
Congenital Anomalies Jill Berkin Melissa L. Russo Congenital anomalies are among the most common causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, they…
Perinatal Infections
Perinatal Infections Stephen Martin Andrew J. Satin Perinatal infections encompass a range of viruses, parasites, and bacteria that can be transmitted during pregnancy from mother to embryo or fetus. Infection…
Third-Trimester Bleeding
Third-Trimester Bleeding William Fletcher Cynthia Holcroft Argani Third-trimester bleeding, ranging from spotting to massive hemorrhage, occurs in 2% to 6% of all pregnancies. The differential diagnosis includes bloody show from…
Preterm Labor and Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes
Preterm Labor and Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes Julie S. Solomon Janyne E. Althaus PRETERM LABOR Preterm labor (PTL) is defined as: Regular uterine contractions with cervical change before 37…
