Summary Female puberty, driven by the hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian axis (HPO), sees numerous alterations in the body secondary to the rise in oestradiol concentration. Whilst the onset, tempo and sequence will vary…
Summary Congenital Müllerian anomalies occur in approximately 5% of females. Patients with simple anomalies may be asymptomatic and diagnosed incidentally during investigations for other gynaecological problems or in pregnancy. Others…
Summary The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common condition, affecting 10%–15% of women, and is defined by the presence of at least two of the following three criteria (Table…
Summary Menstrual disorders such as irregular, heavy or painful periods are common in adolescent girls and may affect quality of life, disrupt sports and social activities and are known to…
Summary There are a number of gynaecological conditions which commonly present in childhood. The commonest of these such as vulvovaginitis are self-limiting though they can be quite difficult to treat….
Summary Puberty is a critical phase of development during which complex physiological and psychological changes result in the immature child attaining reproductive capacity. The timing of the onset of puberty…
Summary This chapter discusses the history and examination of children and young people with gynaecological concerns. A child refers to a younger child who lacks the understanding or maturity to…
Summary The development of internal and external genitalia starts from the same baseline embryological point. From the ninth week of gestation, it diverges to differentiate into either male or female,…
Vaginal Atrophy and Common Skin Disorders of the Vulva and Vagina Anita H. Chen VAGINAL ATROPHY Introduction Menopause is characterized by loss of ovarian function and as life expectancy has…
Cosmetic Gynecology Bobby Garcia Robert D. Moore John R. Miklos Introduction Cosmetic gynecology (also referred to as female genital plastic and cosmetic surgery) has garnered substantial attention and notoriety in…
