Chapter 11 – Embryo Transfer
Abstract In vitro fertilization (IVF) strives to ensure an in vitro environment that closely mimics the physiological environment of gametes. However, the providing of such conditions is limited by the…
GYNECOLOGY
Chapter 10 – Embryo Culture
Abstract Global tissue culture media were first developed by Ludwig and Ringer, nearly 150 years ago. These were simple salt solutions, simulating the properties of serum. The second generation of…
Chapter 9 – In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)
Abstract In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a complex series of techniques used to help with fertility or prevent genetic problems and assist with the conception. During IVF, oocytes are collected…
Chapter 8 – Ovum Pickup (OPU)
Abstract Initially, oocyte retrieval was considered a significant challenge and originally performed by laparotomy and/or by other laparoscopic techniques. However, apart from the complexity of such techniques, the overall success…
Chapter 6 – Hormonal Ovarian Treatment
Abstract At the beginning of the menstrual cycle, there is an increase in bioactive follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels, a stimulus for the growth and differentiation of follicular granulosa cells (GCs)….
Chapter 5 – Conception
Abstract Cervical mucus is a regulator of the sperm transfer from the vagina to the uterine cavity. Estradiol (E2) stimulates the production of large amounts of thin, watery, alkaline acellular…
Chapter 4 – Physiology of the Female Reproductive System
Abstract The physiological importance of the female reproductive system is the production of offspring. The female produces gametes that can be fertilized by the male gamete to form the first…
Chapter 7 – Luteal Support
Abstract The corpus luteum (CL) is a transitory endocrine gland that develops from the postovulatory ruptured follicle during the luteal phase. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), produced by the embryo, maintains…
Chapter 3 – Physiology of the Male Reproductive System
Abstract The male reproductive system consists of organs that function to produce, transfer, and introduce mature sperm cells into the female reproductive tract, where fertilization can occur (Figure 3.1). The…
Chapter 2 – Reproductive Puberty
Abstract Puberty is a process in which a child’s body matures into an adult body capable of sexual reproduction and involves physiologic, somatic, and constitutional changes associated with further development…
