Obstetric Ultrasound Imaging and the Obese Patient
Summary of Key Points • Obesity is epidemic and a significant public health problem. • Obese women are at increased risk of maternal complications of pregnancy compared to women of…
GYNECOLOGY
Fetal Musculoskeletal System
Outline Development of the Fetal Skeleton, 273 Skeletogenesis (Genetics and Embryology), 273 Endochondral Ossification, 273 Intramembranous Ossification, 275 Skeletal Dysplasias, 275 Birth Prevalence and Contribution to Perinatal Mortality, 275 Classification…
Ultrasound Evaluation of the Fetal Thorax
Outline Embryology, 346 Embryonic Phase, 349 Pseudoglandular Phase, 349 Canalicular Phase, 349 Saccular Phase, 349 Alveolar Phase, 349 Key Features for Assessment, 349 Pulmonary Hypoplasia, 350 Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation,…
Ultrasound Evaluation of the Fetal Face and Neck
Outline Normal Sonographic Anatomy of the Fetal Face, 243 Craniofacial Anomalies, 245 Typical Facial Clefts, 245 Atypical Facial Clefts, 250 Orbital and Ocular Defects, 252 Micrognathia and Retrognathia, 255 Macroglossia,…
Ultrasound Evaluation in Multiple Gestations
Outline Embryology of Twins, 132 Pregnancy Dating, 133 Chorionicity, 135 Nuchal Translucency, 137 Anatomic Survey, 138 Placental Evaluation, 139 Cervical Length, 140 Fetal Growth Studies, 140 Serial Surveillance, 143 Monoamniotic…
Ultrasound Evaluation of the Fetal Central Nervous System
Outline Embryology, 221 Ventriculomegaly, 222 Neural Tube Defects, 222 Midline Anomalies, 225 Cystic and Cyst-like Abnormalities of the Posterior Fossa, 229 Intrauterine Cerebral Injuries, 231 Microcephaly, 231 Intracranial Cysts and…
Ultrasound Evaluation of Fetal Aneuploidy in the First and Second Trimesters
Outline Structural Abnormalities, 58 First Trimester Markers of Aneuploidy, 63 Nuchal Translucency, 63 Cystic Hygroma, 67 Absent Nasal Bone, 67 Ductus Venosus Doppler Studies, 68 Tricuspid Regurgitation, 69 Frontomaxillary Facial…
Evaluation of Fetal Anatomy in the First Trimester
Outline Fetal Development in the First Trimester, 98 Embryonic Period (Weeks 4-9 Post Conception), 99 Fetal Period (Weeks 9-14), 101 Normal Ultrasound Findings in the First Trimester, 101 Head and…
Ultrasound of the Early First Trimester
Outline Normal Transvaginal Sonographic Findings in the Early First Trimester, 83 Confirmation or Exclusion of Intrauterine Pregnancy When No Yolk Sac or Embryo Is Seen, 84 Ultrasound Demonstrates No Intrauterine…
Genetics and Prenatal Genetic Testing
Outline Genetics and Birth Defects, 25 Developmental Disorders: Causes, Mechanisms, and Patterns, 25 Chromosomal Defects, 27 Abnormalities of Chromosome Number, 27 Trisomy 21, 27 Trisomy 18, 28 Trisomy 13, 28…
