Autism Spectrum Disorders: Practical Overview for Pediatricians
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have a history and it started with the Jewish physician Leo Kanner (1894–1981), born in a small village in Galicia, which at that time was part…
Approach to the Patient with Noninflammatory Musculoskeletal Pain
Musculoskeletal pain is one of the most common presenting symptoms at the pediatrician’s office. Etiology ranges from benign conditions to serious ones requiring prompt attention. This article addresses entities that…
Autoinflammatory Syndromes
There has been an expansion of the autoinflammatory syndromes due to the discovery of new diseases related to mutations in genes regulating the innate immune system and the knowledge gained…
Immunodeficiency Diseases with Rheumatic Manifestations
Most clinicians associate primary immunodeficiency disorders (PIDDs) with susceptibility to frequent or severe infections. It is less commonly recognized, however, that PIDDs are frequently associated with autoimmune or rheumatologic manifestations….
Kawasaki Disease
Kawasaki disease is a systemic vasculitis and the leading cause of acquired heart disease in North American and Japanese children. The epidemiology, cause, and clinical characteristics of this disease are…
Pediatric Vasculitis
Childhood vasculitis is a challenging and complex group of conditions that are multisystem in nature and often require integrated care from multiple subspecialties, including rheumatology, dermatology, cardiology, nephrology, neurology, and…
Pediatric Scleroderma: Systemic or Localized Forms
Pediatric scleroderma includes 2 major groups of clinical entities, systemic sclerosis (SSc) and localized scleroderma (LS). Although both share a common pathophysiology, their clinical manifestations differ. LS is typically confined…
Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies in Childhood: Current Concepts
The juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies are a group of rare, chronic, multisystem, autoimmune diseases associated with muscle weakness. This article reviews practical issues of relevance to pediatricians, including clinical presentation,…
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Children and Adolescents
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with a wide range of disease manifestations that can involve any organ system, and can lead to significant morbidity and even…
Making Sense of the Cytokine Storm: A Conceptual Framework for Understanding, Diagnosing, and Treating Hemophagocytic Syndromes
Cytokine storm syndromes (CSS) are a group of disorders representing a variety of inflammatory causes. The clinical presentations of all CSS can be strikingly similar, creating diagnostic uncertainty. However, clinicians…
