Training for Emergency Obstetric Conditions – Multiple Choice Answers for Vol. 29, No. 8
1. a) F b) F c) T d) F e) T The Kirkpatrick model of programme evaluation is a system for evaluating training programmes according to four levels of training…
Intrapartum Fetal Surveillance – Multiple Choice Questions for Vol. 30
1. Regarding fetal oxygenation which of the following is/are true? a) The fetus requires oxygen only to maintain cellular aerobic metabolism b) Both glucose and oxygen can be stored allowing…
Neurological damage arising from intrapartum hypoxia/acidosis
Complications occurring at any level of foetal oxygen supply will result in hypoxaemia, and this may ultimately lead to hypoxia/acidosis and neurological damage. Hypoxic–ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) is the short-term neurological…
Litigation related to intrapartum fetal surveillance
The role of intrapartum care including cardiotocography (CTG) monitoring in cases of perinatal neurological injury receives considerable debate in both clinical and medicolegal settings. The debate, however, has distracted attention…
Combined cardiotocographic and ST event analysis: A review
ST-analysis of the fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) (STAN ® ) combined with cardiotocography (CTG) for intrapartum fetal monitoring has been developed following many years of animal research. Changes in the ST-segment…
Computer analysis of foetal monitoring signals
Five systems for computer analysis of foetal monitoring signals are currently available, incorporating the evaluation of cardiotocographic (CTG) or combined CTG with electrocardiographic ST data. All systems have been integrated…
Foetal scalp blood sampling during labour for pH and lactate measurements
Second-line methods of foetal monitoring have been developed in an attempt to reduce unnecessary interventions due to continuous cardiotocography (CTG), and to better identify foetuses that are at risk of…
Technical characteristics of current cardiotocographic monitors
Cardiotocographic (CTG) monitors are complex electronic devices developed to acquire, process and display foetal heart rate (FHR) and uterine contraction (UC) signals. This chapter describes the main characteristics of current…
Pathophysiology of foetal oxygenation and cell damage during labour
A foetus exposed to oxygenation compromise is capable of several adaptive responses, which can be categorised into those affecting metabolism and those affecting oxygen transport. However, both the extent and…
Introduction: Why is intrapartum foetal monitoring necessary – Impact on outcomes and interventions
Maintaining maternal oxygen supply is essential for foetal life, and labour constitutes an increased challenge to this. Good clinical judgement is required to evaluate the signs of reduced foetal oxygenation,…
