1) We are aware of Rosival’s suggestions that infusion of sodium bicarbonate may be indicated in diabetic ketoacidosis. Established guidelines (referred to in our article) recommend sodium bicarbonate, but only…
In the recent paper of Khoo and Lee titled ‘Acute diabetes complications in pregnancy’ (p 887–8), there are some discrepancies with respect to the literature. 1. According to Ref. 21 (Savage)…
1. a) T b) F c) F d) F e) T Ultrasound determination of chorionicity is best achieved in the first trimester of pregnancy using the Lambda (λ) and T…
1. A pregnant woman is referred for an ultrasound examination because of vaginal bleeding. The pregnancy length is 10.5 weeks’ gestational age. The crown–rump length (CRL) of the fetus is…
Development of the urogenital system in humans is a complex process; consequently, renal anomalies are among the most common congenital anomalies. The fetal urinary tract can be visualised ultrasonically from…
Sonographic diagnosis of fetal abnormalities is based on the recognition of sonographic patterns associated with structural abnormalities. Although diagnosis in some situations, such as neural tube defects, gastroschisis, and omphalocoele,…
Prenatal ultrasound has opened new opportunities to examine, diagnose and treat the fetus, but these advances bring with them ethical dilemmas. In this chapter, I address the ethical principles that…
The use of ultrasound in the prenatal diagnosis of fetal genetic syndromes is rapidly evolving. Advancing technology and new research findings are aiding in the increased accuracy of ultrasound-based diagnosis…
The definition of placenta previa based on ultrasound findings is more practical, and the traditional definition (implantation of the placenta in the lower uterine segment) needs to be revised. The…
During the past 25 years, embryonic and early fetal ultrasound and diagnosis have increasingly gained attention in pregnancy care. Modern high-frequency ultrasound transducers make it possible to obtain detailed images…
