Over the past century, the world has seen unprecedented declines in mortality rates, leading to an accelerated increase in the world population. This century will realise falling fertility rates alongside…
Various anatomical, physiological, genetic, lifestyle and reproductive factors interact throughout a woman’s life span and contribute to pelvic floor disorders. Ageing affects pelvic floor anatomy and function, which can result…
Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Since 1984, the total number of deaths from cardiovascular disease has been greater for women compared with men. This…
Loss of musculoskeletal mass and function is a natural ageing trait, reinforced by an unhealthy life style. Loss of bone (osteoporosis) and muscle (sarcopaenia) are conditions whose prevalence are increasing because…
This chapter on the gastrointestinal and hepatic systems in pregnancy focusses on those conditions that are frequent and troublesome (gastro-oesophageal reflux and constipation), distressing (hyperemesis gravidarum) or potentially fatal (obstetric…
1. a) T b) F c) T d) F e) T In 1900, in Europe, life expectancy was around 45 years and health expectancy, the ability to live independently, was…
1. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true regarding the clinical implications of altered maternal physiology during pregnancy? a) A pregnant woman lying flat on her back has a higher…
Infections during pregnancy are relatively prevalent, and the majority of cases are managed well in the community. Occasionally, however, infections may be life-threatening. Sepsis may be associated with multiple organ…
Endocrine emergencies in pregnancy are rare and are more likely to occur in the absence of good obstetric care. Serious thyroid and diabetes related events in pregnancy are more common…
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are one of the leading causes of peripartum morbidity and mortality globally. Hypertensive disease in pregnancy is associated with a spectrum of severity, ranging from mild…
