Menstrual disturbances in puberty
The most significant corporal change observed in adolescent girls is the onset of menstruation, which occurs between 12 and 13 years of age. In several cases, described with the term…
Hormonal development therapy (HDT) in hypogonadism in long-term view
Since the 1960s, oestrogen deficiency in hypogonadism in girls has been successfully treated by a sort of analogous application of the menopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) scheme, here however, to induce…
Vulvovaginitis in childhood
Symptoms related to vulvitis and vulvovaginitis are a frequent complaint in the paediatric age. Knowledge of the risk factors and the pathogenetic mechanisms, combined with thorough clinical examination, helps to…
The XY female
Sexual differentiation depends upon a series of complex events that leads to the differentiation of gonads into testicular tissue and the production and action of androgens on genital tissue. Variations…
Obstetric audit and its implications for obstetric anaesthesia
After briefly expounding the principles of an audit, this article focusses on the role of obstetric audit and how it can influence, and even shape, obstetric anaesthetic practice. The impact…
Adolescent and Paediatric Gynaecology Answers to Multiple Choice Questions for Vol. 24, No. 2
1. (a) F (b) T (c) F (d) F (e) F The ASRA (American society of regional anesthesia) suggests that 12 hours should have elapsed before an epidural is sited…
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation and the parturient
Cardiopulmonary arrest occurs in 1: 30 000 pregnancies. Although rare, optimal outcomes are dependent on the cause of the arrest, the rapid response team’s understanding of the physiological effects of…
Obstetric Analgesia and Anaesthesia Multiple Choice Questions for Vol. 24, No. 3
1. Regarding regional anaesthesia the following is/are true? a. It is safe to site an epidural block after a prophylactic dose of low molecular heparin (LMWH) after 6 h b….
Obstetric anaesthesia in low-resource settings
Close co-operation between obstetricians and obstetric anaesthesia providers is crucial for the safety and comfort of parturients, particularly in low-resource environments. Maternal and foetal mortality is unacceptably high, and the…
Nerve injuries after neuraxial anaesthesia and their medicolegal implications
Serious and permanent neurologic complications in the obstetric population are rare. Most neurologic complications following childbirth are intrinsic obstetric palsies. The most common intrinsic obstetric palsy is lateral femoral neuropathy….
