Oxygen During Postnatal Stabilization
KEY POINTS 1. There is a precisely controlled sequence of circulatory and respiratory changes at birth that leads to the establishment of adult-type circulation and airborne respiration. 2. Despite the…
Golden Hour and Thermoregulation
KEY POINTS 1. The first 60 minutes after birth constitutes a Golden Hour for a newborn infant, when appropriate clinical management can improve long-term outcomes. 2. The physiologic transition from…
Placental Transfusion in the Newborn
KEY POINTS 1. Delayed cord clamping (DCC) is a very powerful yet simple, no-cost intervention practice that can transform the lives of children and mothers around the world. 2. DCC…
Radiation Safety in Premature and Critically-Ill Neonates
KEY POINTS 1. Digital radiography is a frequently used imaging technique in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), with many infants having multiple radiographs during their stays. 2. High-energy photons in…
Neonatal Transport
KEY POINTS 1. Transport is not a benign event for the neonate, the family, and the transport team. 2. Transport is a significant transition in care and has risk and…
Safe Use of Health Information Technology
KEY POINTS 1. Information technology (IT) can improve healthcare in its (1) efficiency in terms of economical achievement of goals, (2) effectiveness by improving the capacity to do so, and…
NICU Environment for Parents and Staff
KEY POINTS 1. The admission of a premature or critically ill infant to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is a stressful event for parents. 2. Parents in the NICU…
Design of Neonatal Intensive Care Units
KEY POINTS 1. Historically, neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) have been designed as open-bay units with multiple patient beds in a room. However, the trend has shifted toward designing units…
Endocrinology
Introduction In this chapter, the endocrine system is introduced by describing mechanisms of hormone action and the types of hormones. Six groups of hormones and/or endocrine systems will then be…
Clinical Research Methodology
Introduction Research is an organised, systematic and rigorous process of enquiry to develop concepts and theories and describe phenomena. It aims to add to a scientific body of knowledge. A…
