Continent Diversions
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen Urinary diversion following cystectomy remains one of the great challenges of radical pelvic surgery because an equivalent replacement for the native bladder has yet to be…
Radical Cystectomy
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen Initial reports of cystectomy are attributed to Bardenheuer et al of Cologne in 1887, with the first female cystectomy being performed by Pawlik in Czechoslovakia around…
Radical Hysterectomy With En Bloc Vaginectomy or Pelvic Lymphadenectomy
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen Radical hysterectomy with en bloc total vaginectomy is rarely performed in gynecologic oncology; however, both radical hysterectomy and vaginectomy are separately considered classic procedures. The first…
Surgical Anatomy and Instrumentation
SURGICAL ANATOMY Print Section Listen The complexities of radical extirpative surgery for locally advanced and recurrent pelvic cancer and the associated procedures necessary for successful functional and cosmetic reconstruction require…
History of Radical and Reconstructive Surgery for Gynecologic Cancer
EXTIRPATIVE PROCEDURES Print Section Listen Radical Hysterectomy The evolution of the radical hysterectomy encompasses nearly 2500 years and is among the most fascinating stories in surgical oncology. Some writings on…
Disorders of Sexual Differentiation
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Case 1: Ms. Omotoya Bamidele is a 28-year-old medical student of Yoruban origin who presented to her OB/GYN with difficulty in vaginal intercourse. She describes painful…
Methods of Modern Cytogenetics
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Case 1: Ms. Sanfilippo is a 25-year-old gravida 5 para 3104 whose first-trimester screen gave her a 1:1200 risk of Down syndrome and <1:5000 risk of…
Common Fetal Malformations Diagnosed by Ultrasound
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Case 1: An ultrasound performed at 20 weeks’ gestation in your 21-year-old G2 P1 patient indicates an apparently isolated unilateral cleft lip/cleft palate in the fetus…
Molecular Diagnostic Testing
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen The goal of molecular diagnostic testing is to provide definitive diagnoses for suspected or unknown genetic conditions. A precise diagnosis is important for determining what caused…
Genetics of Infertility and Pregnancy Loss
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Case 1: John is a 35-year-old executive of a manufacturing company who presented with infertility. He and his wife have had unprotected intercourse over the past…
