THE GENITOURINARY SYSTEM
4.1 AMBIGUOUS GENITALIA Print Section Listen EPIDEMIOLOGY/GENETICS Definition Ambiguous genitalia is a term used to describe the clinical situation when examination of the external genitalia does not allow a clear…
CHROMOSOMES
1.1 TRIPLOIDY Print Section Listen EPIDEMIOLOGY/GENETICS Definition Rare, lethal chromosomal abnormality. An entire extra haploid set of chromosomes results in 69 chromosomes instead of the usual 46. Epidemiology Of human…
(Laterally) Extended Endopelvic Resection
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen Insights in the topology of locoregional tumor spread from developmental biology call for redefining the principles of cancer surgery.1 Surgical procedures translating these concepts into practice…
CARDIAC ENTITIES
3.1 AORTIC COARCTATION Print Section Listen EPIDEMIOLOGY/GENETICS Definition Aortic coarctation (AC) is a narrowing of the aorta; greater than 90% occur between the left subclavian artery and the ductus arteriosus…
Bone and Extended Pelvic Resections
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen Most recurrent and locally advanced gynecologic malignancies carry a poor prognosis. Advances in multimodality management have improved local control and overall survival (OS).1,2,3 Historically, tumors invading…
Pelvic Exenteration
BACKGROUND AND EVOLUTION Print Section Listen Exenteration was first reported by Brunchswig in 1948 as a palliative procedure, and, in his subsequent series of 561 patients collected from 1948 to…
Bladder and Ureteral Substitution and Augmentation
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Iatrogenic harm to the urinary tract can be caused by any surgeon operating in or around the pelvis and the retroperitoneal abdominal space, with an overall…
Tissue Rearrangement Techniques and Regional Flaps
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen Extirpative gynecologic cancer surgery may result in partial or full-thickness defects of the abdominal wall. Although minor defects can be repaired primarily, large or composite defects…
Rectus Abdominis Flaps and Pudendal Thigh and Related Flaps
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen Reconstruction of the vulvovaginal and pelvic region can be a complex and formidable undertaking. Defects from oncologic resection can be extensive and variable. The increasing use…
