INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Arterial oxygen content of the blood: CaO2(mL O2/dL)=(SaO2× Hemoglobin × 1.36) + 0.003*(PaO2) 0.003*PaO2 represents the fraction of dissolved oxygen in the blood Venous oxygen content of the blood: CvO2(mL O2/dL)=(SvO2× Hemoglobin × 1.36) + 0.003*(PvO2) Arterial-mixed venous…
ANESTHESIA/SURGICAL HANDOFF Print Section Listen A thorough understanding of what occurred intraoperatively is critical to postoperative management after cardiac surgery. Cardiac Anesthesia: Induction technique and maintenance of anesthesia depend on…
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Vasoactive medications and inotropic agents are utilized frequently in the pediatric intensive care unit for patients in various states of shock. Selecting the proper pharmacologic therapy…
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen Heart failure is a syndrome of cardiac dysfunction that, left untreated, results in the myocardium’s inability to maintain adequate cardiac output.1 It may present as systolic…
PULMONARY VOLUMES Print Section Listen Minute (or Total) Ventilation MV = Tidal Volume (VT) × Respiratory Rate (RR) Tidal Volume VT = VA + VD Alveolar Ventilation (VA): inversely proportional…
DEFINITIONS Print Section Listen Prehypertension is defined as blood pressures between the 90th and 95th percentiles for age, gender, and height.1 Note that these definitions are based on blood pressures…
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a form of modified cardiopulmonary bypass that has evolved since the beginnings of bypass in the 1950s.1 It can be used…
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY IN THE DEVELOPING CHILD Print Section Listen Spontaneous ventilation requires adequate function of the central control of breathing, ventilator muscle function, and lung mechanics. Respiratory failure occurs when…
